巨星座时代遥感卫星应用技术挑战与思考
Challenges and research on remote sensing satellite application technology in the Giant Constellation Era
- 2024年28卷第7期 页码：1658-1666
纸质出版日期： 2024-07-07
DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20233248
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摘要
从20世纪70年代以来，中国遥感卫星系统经历了模拟式时代到数字式时代的发展，建成了稳定运行的遥感卫星系统及相应的应用体系，当前正在向智能化、网络化的遥感巨星座时代迈进。为了更好地推动国家遥感卫星事业发展，有必要站在当前历史发展的机遇期，详细梳理其面临的技术挑战，确定未来技术攻关方向，为中国遥感卫星巨星座时代的到来预置技术、做好准备。本文通过总结回顾中国遥感卫星系统的发展历程和建设成就，从应用系统建设的角度分析了遥感卫星走向巨星座时代面临的技术挑战，特别是海量数据处理技术和大规模星群控制技术的挑战，分析了完全依靠星上智能处理存在的问题，提出了地面支持下的星上智能处理模式，在分析目前星上自主任务规划能力现状基础上，提出了基于数字孪生的星地一体智能任务管理和分布式智能协同模式。最后梳理了智能遥感巨星座1.0到3.0共3个阶段的发展路线及需要关注的关键技术，为国内遥感领域应用技术研究提供借鉴。
Abstract
Since the 1970s
China has made remarkable achievements in the field of remote-sensing satellite systems. It is moving toward the era of intelligent and networked giant remote-sensing satellite constellations. The realization of networking and intelligence of giant remote sensing satellite constellations is not a one-off process. The development of the national remote sensing satellite industry in China hinges on the current opportunity period of historical development
careful resolution of technical challenges
direction of future technological breakthroughs
and preparations for the era of remote-sensing satellite constellation. This paper reviews the development history of China’s remote-sensing satellite systems and analyzes the technical challenges faced by the development of a giant remote-sensing constellation. First
owing to the massive data processing problem in the remote-sensing constellation
this paper focuses on on-orbit data preprocessing and intelligent information extraction methods
analyzes the problems through on-board intelligent processing
and proposes an on-board processing mode supported by the ground. Second
complex problems in the management of tasks in a large constellation and the current status of on-board autonomous mission planning capabilities are analyzed
and a digital twin-based integrated intelligent mission management and distributed intelligent collaboration model is proposed.Overall
China is currently in the stage of limited intelligent processing
particularly on-board and ground-based processing
and is entering the stage at which it can perform simple mission control on board and ground-based control. Driven by advancements in intelligent processing capabilities on board
the development of remote-sensing constellation systems toward the ideal “organic giant constellation” can be divided into three stages
that is
giant remote-sensing constellation 1.0-3.0. The integrated design and technical laying out of the intelligent giant remote-sensing constellation system as a whole
combining space and ground elements
must be carried out as early as possible. Key technical research on highly efficient and reliable intersatellite communication technologies should be undertaken. Furthermore
the performance of algorithms interpreting remote sensing data based on random sample data
digital twin-based integrated intelligent mission planning technology for space and ground
on-orbit unsupervised continuous self-learning theories
methods for the intelligent processing of remote sensing satellite data
and event-driven rapid task allocation technologies for large-scale constellations should be evaluated and optimized. These efforts can promote the development of national remote-sensing satellites for a new era of intelligence.
关键词
遥感巨星座发展历程智能化网络化应用技术星群控制数据处理发展规划
Keywords
giant remote sensing constellationdevelopment historyintelligentnetworkedapplication technologysatellite constellation mission controldata processingdevelopment plan
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相关作者
田菁 北京市遥感信息研究所
康利鸿 北京市遥感信息研究所
何杰颖 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 微波遥感重点实验室
张升伟 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 微波遥感重点实验室
刘明绪 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 微波遥感重点实验室;中国科学院大学
高小明 自然资源部国土卫星遥感应用中心;江苏省地理信息资源开发与利用协同创新中心
张悦 自然资源部国土卫星遥感应用中心
莫凡 自然资源部国土卫星遥感应用中心
相关机构
中国科学院国家空间科学中心 微波遥感重点实验室
中国科学院大学
自然资源部国土卫星遥感应用中心
江苏省地理信息资源开发与利用协同创新中心
北京国测星绘信息技术有限公司
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