基于无人机智能基站的空地协同低空无人机遥感网构建及应用
Development and applications of the UAV remote sensing network based on the intelligent UAV base station
- 2023年27卷第2期 页码：209-223
收稿：2022-08-09，
纸质出版：2023-02-07
DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20235014
移动端阅览
摘要
无人机可以灵活、高效地获取地表要素信息，近年来轻小型民用无人机广泛普及，无人机遥感与行业应用的结合不断深入。随着科技的进步，无人机载荷、通信、数据处理等技术取得了快速发展，同时，由于续航时间和覆盖范围有限，无人机在自然资源、生态环境、社会治理中的应用也面临着困难和挑战。本文针对低空无人机组网观测的关键问题，提出了智能无人机、无人机基站和运营系统组成的空地协同低空无人机遥感网系统，通过无人机智能基站实现无人机高频次观测，通过运营系统实现多无人机自主协同作业，通过智能无人机实现智能化监测。研究成果在佛山市丹灶镇开展示范应用，构建了由8台无人机智能基站组成的低空无人机遥感网，通过5G网联无人机组网，打破传统无人机作业在巡查频率、覆盖范围、响应时间的限制，为当地水务、环保、公安、应急、城管、国土等部门提供高频次、全天时、快速响应的无人机智能巡查服务。本文提出了一种空地协同的低空无人机遥感网系统，并成功应用于国土、交通、生态环境等领域，打造了无人机遥感网驱动的智慧城镇模式，未来将与地理空间智能、物联网等技术深度融合，构建立体化无人机遥感网和智能运营平台，并在全国开展低空无人机遥感网的示范应用。
Abstract
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) could flexibly and efficiently observe land surface and obtain surface information at very high frequency and resolutions. In recent years
UAV technology has been greatly improved and the UAVs are increasingly applied in large amount of civilian fields. The UAV Remote Sensing (UAVRS) is a comprehensive technology composed of UAV flying aircraft
light remote sensing payload
satellite positioning device
remote-control system
communication technology and application technology. An UAVRS system is mainly composed of UAV platform
load system
ground control and data transmission system and image processing system. With the popularity of civilian UAV products and the development of UAV remote sensing payload
UAVRS also shows an explosive growth trend in various industries. However
the short battery life and limited coverage of the civilian drones are one of the key factors restricting the UAVRS applications. Besides
although the application of UAVs in various industries and fields continues to deepen
most of them are single-type applications in a certain discipline or industry. The 5G technology and wireless communication technology advance and will give rise to the UAVRS applications in terms of “networking”
“IoT”
and “real-time”
as well as cross-domain and convergence application. The modern cities are highly complex and sociotechnical. They comprise people and communities interacting with one another and with objects (e.g.
roads
buildings) within a range of urban settings or contexts. It is extremely difficult to monitor and manage such complex sociotechnical systems. The monitoring and mapping of pollutions
traffic
infrastructures are great challenges in rapidly changing cities
and especially gained increasing attentions of citizens and are putting great stresses on policy makers and urban planners. Theoretical and practical efforts to create better city monitoring and management systems have a long history. In the 21st century
we recognize and conceive “creative”
“smart” and “knowledge” cities
in which the multidisciplinary Information and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has played a vital role. The Internet of Things (IoT) promotes the development of the smart cities. However
in various urban domains
the cities equipped with a sensor-based web
or a cyber-physical information infrastructure
are far from sufficient to help policy makers or citizens to get a full understanding of the real time or near real time city conditions. To this end
due to their mobility
autonomous operation
and communication/processing capabilities
UAVs are envisaged in many smart city application domains. In this article
we describe a technology of air-ground collaborative low-altitude UAV remote sensing network system. The system composes of intelligent UAV
the UAV base station (drone-in box) and operation system. The UAV remote sensing network can provide high-frequency and real-time observations of the land surface. Based on the UAV remote sensing network
we constructed a comprehensive application for urban governance. An UAVRS network composed of eight UAV base stations was deployed in Danzao Town
Foshan City. Connected through 5G network
the UAVRS network advances the UAV inspection frequency
spatial coverage
and response time. It provides revolutionary and intelligent services for local agents and departments of water affairs
environment protection
public security
urban management
and emergency. The UAVRS network system in Danzao is expected to develop a real-world smart city paradigm that could be copied and migrated to other towns across the country.
关键词
Keywords
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廖小罕 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室;中国科学院大学 资源与环境学院;中国民航局低空地理信息与航路重点实验室
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叶虎平 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室;中国科学院大学 资源与环境学院;中国民航局低空地理信息与航路重点实验室
陶胜利 北京大学 城市与环境学院 生态研究中心 植被结构功能与建造全国重点实验室
王迪 西安交通大学 软件学院
谢欢 同济大学 测绘与地理信息学院
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广州中科云图智能科技有限公司
中国民航局低空地理信息与航路重点实验室
中国科学院大学 资源与环境学院
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室
西安交通大学 软件学院
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