甲烷柱浓度红外高光谱遥感反演与验证
CH4 column retrievals from ground-based and space-based infrared spectra and satellite validation
- 2024年 页码：1-18
网络出版日期： 2024-03-07
DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20242530
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摘要
甲烷 （CH
4
） 浓度变化是当前气候变化研究中的一个焦点问题。红外高光谱遥感技术已经成为探测大气CH
4
浓度变化的重要技术手段。本文针对红外高光谱CH
4
地基遥感反演技术，介绍了国际上重要的观测网络，包括TCCON （Total Carbon Column Observing Network），NDACC-IRWG （Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change - the Infrared Working Group） 和COCCON （COllaborative Carbon Column Observing Network），讨论了这些观测网络的主要特点，包括观测仪器、波段设置、反演算法、产品特性等。针对红外高光谱CH
4
浓度卫星遥感反演，概述了国际上的CH
4
卫星遥感发展现状。同时，以日本GOSAT （Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite） 卫星为例，探讨了卫星CH
4
遥感地基验证工作中的关键技术，阐明了地基遥感对于卫星CH
4
遥感产品改进的重要性。最后，利用TCCON香河站的观测资料，对最新版的TROPOMI （TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument） 卫星CH
4
观测反演数据产品进行了地基验证，表明在华北地区TROPOMI CH
4
柱浓度产品达到了其观测精度目标设定要求；TROPOMI观测得到的CH
4
柱浓度年增长率要略高于TCCON的观测结果，两者相差0.263±0.172 %/年；地基与卫星的差值具有季节变化特征，春季卫星的观测值大于TCCON观测值约0.3%，秋季卫星的观测值小于TCCON观测值约0.2%。
Abstract
Methane (CH
4
) is the second most important greenhouse gas in the Earth's atmosphere
after carbon dioxide (CO
2
). Understanding the change in CH
4
concentration is a very challenging task in atmospheric research as it has various sources. Remote sensing has now become an effective technique to monitor CH
4
concentrations globally. In this study
we presented an overview of CH
4
column retrievals based on ground-based Fourier Transform InfraRed spectrometer (FTIR) and space-based infrared measurements
as well as the satellite validations were discussed.Currently
there are three ground-based remote sensing international observation networks providing CH
4
columns
namely the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON)
the NDACC-IRWG (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change - the Infrared Working Group)
and the COCCON (COllaborative Carbon Column Observing Network). The main characteristics of the three networks were presented and discussed in our study
for example
the measurement instrument
the observed spectra
the retrieval algorithm
and the post-correction. TCCON and COCCON provide dry-air column-averaged mole fraction of CH
4
(XCH
4
) measurements
with a systematic/random uncertainty of 0.1/0.5%. NDACC provides a total column of CH
4
with a slightly large systematic/random uncertainty of 0.2/1.0%
but it also provides a vertical profile of CH
4
which allows us to observe the CH
4
variations in the troposphere and stratosphere separately.Regarding the satellite CH
4
retrievals
we compared several well-known sensors with a nadir-view geometry and their retrieval algorithms
such as the TANSO-FTS/GOSAT
TROPOMI/S5P
IASI/MetOp
and AIRS/Aqua. Basically
the short-wave infrared measurements (GOSAT and TROPOMI) have more sensitivity to the low troposphere
while the thermal infrared measurements (IASI and AIRS) are mainly sensitive to the mid-and upper troposphere. The difference in their vertical sensitivity comes from the CH
4
-specific absorption lines in the infrared region. All satellite retrievals are affected by the cloud
aerosol
and surface parameters
and need to be validated and calibrated against ground-based measurements. Here
key steps during the satellite CH
4
validation were discussed
including the statistical parameters
the a priori substitution
the smoothing correction
and the surface altitude correction.Finally
we showed the CH
4
retrievals observed by the ground-based FTIR system at Xianghe
North China. We operated both TCCON-type and NDACC-type measurements for the Bruker 125HR instrument and COCCON-type measurements for the Bruker EM27/SUN instrument. The whole FTIR measurement system at Xianghe was well described. Then
we used the TCCON XCH
4
measurements to validate the co-located TROPOMI satellite observations within 50 km at Xianghe. The mean difference between TCCON and TROPOMI XCH
4
measurements from June 2018 to May 2021 is 0.109% (~ 2 ppb)
which is within the retrieval uncertainty of the TROPOMI measurement. Moreover
a high correlation (R=0.92) was found between TCCON and TROPOMI XCH
4
measurements at Xianghe. However
we found that the annual growth of XCH
4
derived from the TROPOMI satellite measurements is 0.263±0.172 %/year larger than that derived from the TCCON measurements. Besides
there is seasonal variation in the differences between TCCON and TROPOMI XCH
4
measurements
and the differences are obvious when the surface albedo is less than 0.1. It is indicated that further investigations are needed to improve the TROPOMI CH
4
retrievals in North China.
关键词
甲烷柱浓度地基傅里叶光谱卫星验证TROPOMI
Keywords
CH4total columnground-based Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometersatellite validationTROPOMI
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