高光谱遥感影像半监督分类研究进展

杨星; 方乐缘; 岳俊

doi:10.11834/jrs.20243404

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高光谱遥感影像半监督分类研究进展
Advances in semi-supervised classification of hyperspectral remote sensing images
2024年28卷第1期页码：20-41
纸质出版日期： 2024-01-07 ，
DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20243404

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杨星，方乐缘，岳俊.2024.高光谱遥感影像半监督分类研究进展.遥感学报，28（1）： 20-41

Yang X，Fang L Y and Yue J. 2024. Advances in semi-supervised classification of hyperspectral remote sensing images. National Remote Sensing Bulletin， 28（1）：20-41
杨星，方乐缘，岳俊.2024.高光谱遥感影像半监督分类研究进展.遥感学报，28（1）： 20-41 DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20243404.

Yang X，Fang L Y and Yue J. 2024. Advances in semi-supervised classification of hyperspectral remote sensing images. National Remote Sensing Bulletin， 28（1）：20-41 DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20243404.

摘要

随着高光谱遥感技术的迅猛发展和应用需求的不断增加，高光谱遥感影像分类成为领域的研究热点。尽管监督学习已在高光谱遥感影像分类中取得了不错的效果，但在许多情况下，获取大规模标记样本来训练监督分类算法是困难和昂贵的。因此，利用半监督分类技术对高光谱遥感影像精准分类是一项重要的研究内容。本文首先简要介绍了高光谱遥感影像发展现状和部分应用场景。其次，本文对近年来高光谱遥感影像半监督分类研究的进展进行了综述，着重讨论了低密度分割法、生成式模型、基于分歧（差异）的方法和基于图的方法四种典型半监督分类方法的关键技术和优劣。最后，进一步讨论了半监督分类技术的潜力，为今后研究工作的优化提供思路。

Abstract

Hyperspectral remote sensing technology has been widely used in remote sensing

agriculture

geological exploration

and other fields

and hyperspectral image classification is one of the most important research directions. Benefiting from sufficient label information

supervised learning has achieved good results in this field. However

in many practical applications of hyperspectral remote sensing images

sufficient label samples are difficult to obtain. One of the most important reasons is the widespread use of hyperspectral remote sensing technology

which produces huge amounts of unlabeled data. Another is the high cost of labeling. Meanwhile

unsupervised learning cannot accurately cluster unknown data

and its clustering categories are to match to real categories. Both supervised and unsupervised learning have their unavoidable disadvantages. Therefore

semi-supervised learning that uses a large number of unlabeled samples and a small number of labeled samples should be explored. In recent years

significant progress has been made in the semi supervised classification of hyperspectral remote sensing images. Researchers have proposed many innovative algorithms and technologies to address the problem of insufficient data annotation. This article reviews the progress of the semi supervised classification research on hyperspectral remote sensing images in recent years

discussing key technologies and methods.

This paper starts with semi-supervised classification and hyperspectral remote sensing technologies. First

the first part of this paper introduces some basic concepts of semi-supervised learning

including semi-supervised and unsupervised learning

supervised learning

and the application of semi-supervised learning. The second part introduces the development of hyperspectral remote sensing imaging technology domestically and internationally and the application of hyperspectral remote sensing in various fields

such as land and resource surveys

agriculture and forestry remote sensing

and urban environmental monitoring. Second

the three basic assumptions of the theory

process

and data distribution of semi-supervised learning are analyzed

and four typical types are introduced: low-density separation

generative

disagreement-based (difference-based)

and graph-based methods. The algorithm flow and core ideas of each method are introduced in detail. The summarized current development status

typical algorithms

and research progress of hyperspectral remote sensing image classification are analyzed. Further

the advantages and disadvantages of each algorithm are enumerated. Then

common open-source algorithms were compared on three publicly available datasets

namely

Indian Pines

Pavia University

and Houston 2013. Finally

by analyzing existing semi-supervised learning technologies and experimental results

the challenging problems and development trends of semi-supervised learning in hyperspectral remote sensing are summarized.

The graph-based semi-supervised classification method performs better than other semi-supervised classification methods

which may be because the graph model can model the relationship and similarity between samples

connect similar samples

and capture the intrinsic structure and similarity in a dataset.

Semi-supervised learning can efficiently utilize both labeled data and unlabeled data. The future development trend of semi-supervised classification is mainly in three aspects: how to effectively use a large number of unlabeled samples; how to fully consider multiple factors

such as performance and computational complexity; and how to select features. These aspects will affect the stability

generalization

practicability

and performance of the algorithm.

关键词

高光谱遥感影像半监督分类低密度分割法生成式模型图神经网络

Keywords

hyperspectral imagesemi-supervised classificationlow-density separationgenerative modelgraph neural network

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