环境—技术—管理协同的临近（天）空间分区框架

蔡榕

doi:10.11834/jrs.20266035

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环境—技术—管理协同的临近（天）空间分区框架
Near-space partition framework based on environment–technology–administration
2026年30卷第6期页码：1527-1543
收稿：2026-01-22，

网络首发：2026-06-17，

纸质出版：2026-06-07
DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20266035
稿件说明：

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蔡榕.2026.环境—技术—管理协同的临近（天）空间分区框架.遥感学报，30（6）： 1527-1543 DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20266035.

Cai R. 2026. Near-space partition framework based on environment-technology-administration. National Remote Sensing Bulletin， 30（6）：1527-1543 DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20266035.

摘要

临近空间范围的科学界定是支撑相关行业有序发展的一项基础性工作。由于历史界定标准不一，且传统界定与当前发展需求之间存在失配，临近空间的明确界定至今仍存在模糊性。本文基于连续大气环境变化及其对飞行平台的设计约束，提出临近空间“气动域（低临空间18—80 km）—过渡域（中临空间80—200 km）—摄动域（高临空间200—300 km）”三段分区框架，并耦合学科内涵、平台技术与空域管理的先验知识展开讨论。研究从自然科学视角出发，分析了临近空间覆盖从平流层到电离层F层峰值的连续大气物理与空间环境变化状况。从工程技术视角出发，通过分析各分区内典型飞行平台，揭示了18 km作为长航时飞行可行下界、300 km作为气动效应显著影响轨道飞行寿命实际上界的工程依据，阐述了临近空间飞行器合理部署空间及其在遥感等应用领域的优势。从空域管理视角出发，阐明了模型衔接现行空管体系、界定空天法律模糊地带的治理价值。本研究突破了传统卡门线的局限，为临近空间的科学研究、技术发展及规则制定等提供了科学支撑。

Abstract

The scientific delineation of near-space boundaries is a fundamental prerequisite for the orderly development of related industries. Persistent inconsistencies in historical demarcation criteria and a mismatch between traditional definitions and current technological needs have left the concept of near space ambiguous. This study aims to transcend the limitations of the traditional Kármán line by proposing a new

multidimensional partition framework. The objective is to provide a coherent

scientifically grounded definition that integrates atmospheric physics

engineering constraints

and airspace management principles to guide future research

technology development

and rulemaking.

This study proposes a three-segment partition framework for near space—the aerodynamic domain (lower near space: 18—80 km)

the transition domain (middle near space: 80—200 km)

and the perturbation domain (upper near space: 200—300 km)—based on the continuous variation in the atmospheric environment and its consequent design constraints on flight platforms. The methodology integrates prior knowledge from three distinct perspectives: (1) natural science

analyzing the continuous evolution of atmospheric physics and space environment from the stratosphere to the ionospheric F-layer peak; (2) engineering and technology

evaluating typical flight platforms (solar-powered drones

stratospheric aerostats

hypersonic vehicles

suborbital vehicles

and very low Earth orbit satellites) to determine operational boundaries; and (3) airspace management

assessing the framework’s value in bridging current air traffic control systems and resolving legal ambiguities between air and space.

The study’s findings corroborate the framework’s scientific validity across multiple dimensions. (1) The 18—300 km range represents a complete Earth system characterized by gradual atmospheric parameter changes and a continuous evolution of dominant physical processes—from continuum flow aerodynamics

through an aerodynamics–orbit coupling transition

to a rarefied atmosphere perturbation regime. (2) Engineering analysis of five platform types indicates that 18 km is the feasible lower boundary for long-endurance flight (the upper limit of conventional aviation)

and 300 km is the practical upper boundary where atmospheric drag becomes the decisive perturbation factor on orbital lifetime. This framework seamlessly connects the continuum from aviation to astronautics. (3) The three-tier partition provides a clear technical benchmark for bridging the current aviation management framework and addressing legal ambiguities in outer space.

This definition of near space serves as a research subject that delineates the operational scope for future industry development. For technology development

the framework

grounded in physical mechanisms

helps the industry avoid blind exploration by forming a stepwise R&D roadmap from “aviation aerodynamics-dominated” to “astronautic orbit-dominated” technologies. For standard setting

it facilitates differentiated airworthiness certification

environmental adaptability

and communication standards for each of the three layers. For international cooperation

the “lower–middle–upper near-space” framework enables a new paradigm of “layered collaboration

” allowing nations to select zones matching their industrial capabilities. Therefore

this study does not merely extend the current 18—100 km cognitive range; by establishing the “aerodynamic–transition–perturbation domain” framework

it provides a theoretical foundation for the systematic understanding and differentiated utilization of near space from an environment–mission coupling perspective.

关键词

Keywords

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