最新刊期

    2015 19 2

      基础理论

    • 贾奋励,张威巍,游雄
      2015, 19(2): 179-187. DOI: 10.11834/jrs.20154013
      摘要:作为新一代地理分析工具,虚拟地理环境对于增强人类地理认知、分析解决地理问题方面具有显著优势。目前虚拟地理环境的基本框架、实现技术均有较多论述与成果。但在虚拟地理环境的认知研究方面尚缺乏有效指导。为提高虚拟地理环境构建的科学性,本文通过对虚拟地理环境现有概念的分析,提出从系统论角度进行虚拟地理环境认知研究的观点;并对虚拟地理环境的认知与地理认知、地图认知等相近概念进行了对比分析。从现实环境与虚拟环境间的相似性入手建立了虚拟地理环境的认知研究框架,该框架从思维相似、感觉相似、几何相似、特性相似和离散相似5个方面探讨了虚拟地理环境认知研究目前的着眼点,并将思维相似作为虚拟地理环境认知研究的重点与难点。该框架将虚拟地理环境的认知问题置于一个更广泛背景中进行研究,一方面体现了虚拟地理环境所具有的地理实验研究新平台的作用,另一方面重点强调了人的作用,对深入开展虚拟地理环境的研究具有重要意义。  
      关键词:虚拟地理环境;现实地理环境;系统论;认知研究框架;认知模式   
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    • 王晶,郭凯,孙美玲,孟俊敏
      2015, 19(2): 188-194. DOI: 10.11834/jrs.20153263
      摘要:根据流体力学基本方程组,利用摄动展开、多重尺度变换等方法,推得3层海洋分层模式下的非线性薛定谔(NLS)方程,发展了描述内波传播的新模型;利用该方程与SAR遥感探测机理相结合,得到反演内波振幅的关系,并选取中国南海东沙岛附近和英国马林陆架外缘海域,进行内波参数反演研究。结果表明,该模型反演的内波振幅与实测值更接近,验证了理论模型的适用性。  
      关键词:海洋内波;3层模型;NLS方程;参数反演   
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      发布时间:2021-06-10
    • 马睿,张晓帆,陈川
      2015, 19(2): 202-208. DOI: 10.11834/jrs.20153275
      摘要:本文运用ASTER遥感数据识别与提取新疆南天山铜花山地区蛇绿混杂岩带岩性信息。首先,利用比值法快速区别岩性,并比较了识别同一种岩性的不同指数的性能;然后,将对数残差算法应用在ASTER数据的短波红外波段上,在区域尺度上把蛇绿岩杂岩体同围岩区分开来;最后,运用标准光谱数据和光谱角填图法识别出多种蛇绿岩成分及其空间分布。现有地质图和野外验证反映出该方法有一定效果。利用混淆矩阵对光谱角填图法分类结果定量评价,结果表明,把ASTER的可见光-近红外、短波红外波段数据结合在一起进行岩性分类,可以达到比单独用短波红外数据分类更高的分类精度。  
      关键词:ASTER;蛇绿混杂岩带;岩性信息;光谱角填图;定量评价   
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      发布时间:2021-06-10

      Fundamental Research

    • MA Rui,ZHANG Xiaofan,CHEN Chuan
      2015, 19(2): 195-201.
      摘要:This study explores the potential of using ASTER data to extract lithology information on the ophiolitic mixtite belt in the Tonghuashan region of southern Tianshan.First,we used the band ratio to quickly obtain information on rock assemblages. Second,we chose a number of lithological identification indices that have been established in previous research,including the Quartz Index( QI),Carbonate Index( CI),and Mafic Index( MI). We used these indices to distinguish among the silicates,carbonate rocks,and mafic-ultramafic rocks in the study area,and we also compared their performance in identifying the same kind of lithology. Third,we applied the log residual algorithm method on all the shortwave infrared( SWIR) bands of the ASTER data to examine its effectiveness in detecting ophiolite ingredients. Lastly,we employed the laboratory spectral data and spectral angle mapper method to identify the spatial distribution of the ophiolite complex. Quantitative evaluation results were achieved using the confusion matrix,and the related evaluation factors were obtained after separately applying the method on the ASTER SWIR and visible and near-infrared( VNIR)-SWIR data.In this study,we found that the band ratio method is suitable for suppressing the influence of the terrain and that it helps identify and understand geological information. On the one hand,the lithology index QI( 2008) image displayed less noise and more correctness than the lithology index QI( 2005) image in displaying the spatial distribution of silicate rocks,and the lithology index CI( 2005) image was more accurate than the CI( 2003) image in the distribution of marble. On the other hand,the lithology indices MI and QI( 2008) images collated with each other well and showed most of the ultramafic rocks in the area. The log residual algorithm successfully discriminated the ophiolite complex body from the surrounding rocks at the regional scale. The method of using the standard spectral data and spectral angle mapper to detect the spatial distribution of the ophiolite complex was relatively effective,as demonstrated by comparing the results of the method with the existing geological map and field observations. The distribution of mafic-ultramafic rocks was consistent with the geological map,but the peridotite in the southeast was not extracted because it was serpentinized,and serpentine is heavily superimposed on carbonation. Some peridotite outcrops,which were not manifested in the geological map,were also found. The distributions of dunite and peridotite were similar because dunite and peridotite are mainly composed of olivine. Gabbro and diabase outcrops were small and often symbiotic in the field; thus the accuracies of their recognition were low. The scope of basalt was larger than that in field observations because mafic lava is usually symbiotic with peridotite and gabbro,and mafic lava was altered into chlorite and epidote because of the hydrothermal alteration of the greenschist facies. However,the results for marble recognition were more accurate than those for mafic-ultramafic rocks. The quantitative evaluation of the confusion matrix demonstrated that classification using the combined ASTER VNIR and SWIR bands achieves a higher overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient than those using the ASTER SWIR bands alone.The band ratio and log residual algorithm methods can obtain general lithology information on ophiolite. Applying laboratory spectral data and spectral angle mapper on ASTER VNIR-SWIR data helps achieve increasingly accurate and detailed information on the spatial distribution of ophiolite ingredients. However,the potential of using other methods in combination with the methods mentioned above must be continuously explored to improve the accuracy of lithology identification.  
        
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      发布时间:2021-06-10

      技术方法

    • 姚春静,游丽娜,王英
      2015, 19(2): 209-218. DOI: 10.11834/jrs.20153313
      摘要:在缺乏影像等辅助数据的情况下,本文直接利用激光雷达LiDAR点云数据,提取水系边缘,并在此基础上实现基于语义分割的堤防外坡激光点云提取方法。分两步进行边坡的提取:首先获取LiDAR数据中水体边缘轮廓线,进一步获取堤防边坡的下缘线;然后以下缘线为增长基线,通过最小二乘平面拟合,利用区域增长的方法,将边坡平面提取出来,从而获取边坡脚点。  
      关键词:LiDAR点云;地物提取;语义特征;提防外坡;脚点分割   
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    • 张艳,王涛,冯伍法,元朝鹏,王淑香
      2015, 19(2): 219-227. DOI: 10.11834/jrs.20153334
      摘要:遥感卫星在空间环境运转过程中,星敏感器的姿态角、成像相机的镜头和CCD等几何参数会发生不可预估的变化,从而对卫星影像的定位精度产生影响。因此,对卫星影像进行自检校区域网平差处理是实现卫星影像精确定位的一项关键技术。本文以"天绘一号"卫星为研究对象,首先分析了"天绘一号"卫星三线阵立体测绘相机的镜头和CCD几何形变,并提出了适用于"天绘一号"卫星三线阵CCD影像的自检校模型;然后建立"天绘一号"卫星三线阵CCD影像的自检校区域网平差模型,对外方位元素和自检校参数进行整体平差,消除存在于外方位元素观测值和自检校标定值中的系统误差,以提高卫星图像定位精度。最后利用嵩山实验场对"天绘一号"卫星三线阵CCD影像进行了自检校区域网平差处理,验证了自检校模型和自检校区域网平差模型的正确性和有效性,并分析研究了不同数目的控制点条件对自检校区域网平差的影响。实验结果证实采用自检校区域网平差技术可以有效地消除系统定位误差,显著提高定位精度。  
      关键词:“天绘一号”卫星;三线阵CCD影像;实验场;自检校模型;区域网平差;几何变形   
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    • 刘纯,洪亮,陈杰,楚森森,邓敏
      2015, 19(2): 228-239. DOI: 10.11834/jrs.20154035
      摘要:针对基于像素多特征的高分辨率遥感影像分类算法的"胡椒盐"现象和面向对象影像分析方法的"平滑地物细节"现象,提出了一种融合像素特征和多尺度区域特征的高分辨率遥感影像分类算法。(1)首先采用均值漂移算法对原始影像进行初始过分割,然后对初始过分割结果进行多尺度的区域合并,形成多尺度分割结果。根据多尺度区域合并RMI指数变化和分割尺度对分类精度的影响,确定最优分割尺度。(2)融合光谱特征、像元形状指数PSI(Pixel Shape Index)、初始尺度和最优尺度区域特征,并对多类型特征进行归一化,最后结合支持向量机(SVM)进行分类。实验结果表明该算法既能有效减少基于像素多特征的高分辨率遥感影像分类算法的"胡椒盐"现象,又能保持地物对象的完整性和地物细节信息,提高易混淆类别(如阴影和街道,裸地和草地)的分类精度。  
      关键词:高分辨率遥感影像;融合;多尺度;像元形状指数;支持向量机   
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      发布时间:2021-06-10
    • 杨斌,罗文斐
      2015, 19(2): 240-253. DOI: 10.11834/jrs.20154096
      摘要:传统基于约束非负矩阵分解NMF(Nonnegative Matrix Factorization)的高光谱端元提取算法一般存在两个问题:一方面,以固定惩罚系数方法处理端元提取的约束优化问题,难以较好权衡目标项与约束项间的关系,影响提取效果;另一方面,求解过程通常基于梯度算法,依赖于初始值和步长的设定,容易陷入局部最优。针对这些问题本文提出约束NMF框架下高维自适应粒子群端元提取算法HAPSO(High-dimension Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization)。该算法在端元距离最小约束的NMF框架下,利用粒子群算法PSO替代原梯度算法以增强全局搜索能力;采用高维PSO方法解决了多波段高维问题,并结合种群信息构建自适应惩罚机制以实现端元提取中目标与约束的合理权衡。通过模拟影像和真实影像的实验,证实该算法与传统的NMF端元提取算法相比能够更合理地权衡约束和避免局部最优,具有较好的端元提取效果。  
      关键词:高光谱遥感;端元;非负矩阵分解;粒子群算法;自适应惩罚系数   
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    • 王保平,方阳,孙超,谭歆
      2015, 19(2): 254-262. DOI: 10.11834/jrs.20153333
      摘要:对于高速自旋目标而言,为了获得聚焦效果良好的图像,通常要求雷达系统具有较高的脉冲重复频率(PRF)。当PRF不满足采样要求时,雷达接收到的通常是方位欠采样的回波数据,从而影响目标识别。本文根据压缩感知理论,结合自旋目标回波信号稀疏性的特点,建立方位欠采样的成像模型,并提出了基于压缩采样匹配追踪的窄带雷达高速自旋目标成像算法。该算法在对信号进行重构迭代中,采用回退策略,并结合回波信号稀疏性的具体参数,选取最优的支撑集,提高了算法的重构质量。仿真实验表明新算法在回波欠采样的情况下能很好地重构图像,尤其是在低信噪比的情况下。采用"误选数"和"均方误差"两个指标对CoSaMP算法重建信号的性能进行评价,结果表明该算法受雷达PRF和信噪比SNR的影响较小,算法稳定性好。  
      关键词:雷达成像;窄带;自旋目标;压缩感知;CoSaMP   
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    • 徐大卫,张荣,吴倩
      2015, 19(2): 263-272. DOI: 10.11834/jrs.20154069
      摘要:结合小波变换及字典学习提出了一种针对高光谱图像的压缩算法。该算法首先通过小波变换构建多尺度样本集,在小波域使用K-均值奇异值分解(K-SVD)方法学习得到原子尺寸不同的多尺度字典,然后在稀疏表示的过程中,定义一个原子使用频次筛选因子,通过统计局部最优波段稀疏表示时原子使用情况,结合筛选因子对字典原子进行优化筛选,使用精简后的字典对其余波段进行稀疏求解,最后针对不同尺度的表示系数采用自适应的量化编码。实验结果表明,与目前常用的3D-SPIHT和其他的多尺度字典学习算法相比,本文算法在中低比特率下,具有更好的重建性能。  
      关键词:图像压缩;高光谱图像;多尺度字典学习;K-SVD;小波变换   
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    • 卓莉,曹晶晶,王芳,陶海燕,郑璟
      2015, 19(2): 273-287. DOI: 10.11834/jrs.20153315
      摘要:针对非负矩阵盲信号分离(NMF)用于混合像元分解易陷入局部极小值的不足,将非监督端元提取与盲分解方法相结合,构建了一种基于目标端元修正的混合像元盲分解模型(ATGP-NMF)。ATGP-NMF模型利用非监督正交子空间投影算法(ATGP)和非负最小二乘法(NNLS)获取NMF盲分离的初始值,然后将获得初始目标端元光谱与丰度输入NMF模型,通过迭代运算不断逼近优化目标而得到最终的端元光谱和端元丰度。为了检验模型对于各类数据的有效性和适用性,将ATGP-NMF与传统NMF分别应用于模拟仿真数据、室内控制数据和真实遥感影像3类实验数据进行分析验证。结果表明,ATGP-NMF模型具有较好的适用性,在没有先验信息、先验信息很少,以及纯像元假设不存在情况下都能较好地分解混合像元,且能够更好克服局部极小问题,提高混合像元分解的精度。  
      关键词:高光谱;混合像元;目标端元;非负矩阵分解;盲分解   
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      Remote Sensing Applications

    • HONG Shunying,LIU Zhirong,SHEN Xuhui,CHEN Lize,JING Feng,DAI Yaqiong
      2015, 19(2): 288-294.
      摘要:We extracts multiple Line-Of-Sight( multi-LOS) coseismic deformation fields through the interferometry of three different sets of ENVISAT ASAR data in the LOS direction,and constructs a double-fault rupture model of the Gaize earthquake by integrating deformation field characteristics with focal mechanism solutions. We also inverts the coseismic slip distribution of the Gaize earthquake though the steepest descent method and the layered crustal model of CRUST2. 0 under the constraint of the quadtree resampling of multi-LOS coseismic deformation fields. Results show that the deformation residuals of inversion are effectively controlled within 0 ± 10 cm. The major slip distributions of the mainshock fault are located at a depth of 2 km to 16 km along the fault plane,with a maximum slip value of approximately 1. 34 m at a depth of 6. 4 km. The slip distributions of the aftershock fault are mostly located at a depth of 2 km to 6 km along the fault plane,with a maximum slip value of approximately 0. 90 m at a depth of 3. 52 km. Both the mainshock and aftershock faults are principally ruptured with the normal mode,and the mainshock fault is also ruptured with a slight left lateral striking,which is not obvious in the aftershock fault. When the shear modulus is set to 3. 2 ×1010Pa,the inversion seismic moments of the mainshock and aftershock are approximately 6. 34 × 1018N·m and 1. 20 × 1018N·m,which lead to moment magnitudes of Mw6. 47 and Mw5. 98,respectively.  
        
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    • HU Xiao,TIAN Shufang,DING Leilong,ZHOU Jiajing
      2015, 19(2): 302-309.
      摘要:This paper presents two temperature-emissivity separation algorithms of hyper spectral thermal airborne infrared data:the Automatic Retrieval of Temperature and Emissivity using Spectral Smoothness( ARTEMISS) algorithm and the ASTER temperature-emissivity separation( ASTER TES) algorithm. These two algorithms are applied to separate the temperature and emissivity derived from data on the Liuyuan regionusingthethermal airborne spectrographic imager. Results of the two algorithms,as applied on the data from field measurements,were analyzed and compared in terms of their image quality and accuracy. The results showed that both algorithms meet the accuracy requirements. However,some differences also exist: the ASTER TES algorithm has good image quality and high precision,where as the ARTEMISS algorithm has simple steps and an emissivity that can better reflect the differences in litho logy than the former algorithm. In practical applications,algorithms should be chosen depending on the requirements of the application.  
        
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    • ZHANG Yunjun,WAN Zi,XIE Chou,SHAO Yun,YUAN Minghuan,CHEN Wu,WANG Xin
      2015, 19(2): 339-346.
      摘要:Deformation monitoring is essential to the safe operation of seawalls. This paper reports the Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar( InSAR) measurement results derived from 31 Envisat ASAR images acquired over Hang zhou from 2006 to 2010,with special focus on the seawall in the Qiantang Estuary. Multi-temporal InSAR( MTInSAR) was used to extract deformation information from both Persistent Scatterers( PSs) and Distributed Scatterers( DSs),which provide dense measurement of the deformation of the seawall. Compared with the leveling measurement at 28 points,the mean error derived by InSAR is 0. 436 mm,with the largest error of 5. 016 mm,which confirms the millimeter-level precision and accuracy of the InSAR technique. A time series analysis was conducted based on these two datasets,and results showed that the subsidence of seawalls was spatially continuous and had a local negative unimodal pattern with distance. A linear tendency with minor local fluctuation was also observed in the time domain during a period of nearly seven years.  
        
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      遥感应用

    • 洪顺英,刘智荣,申旭辉,陈立泽,荆凤,戴娅琼
      2015, 19(2): 295-301. DOI: 10.11834/jrs.20153242
      摘要:利用3种不同视线向LOS(Line Of Sight)的ENVISAT ASAR数据进行干涉处理,提取多视线向(Multi-LOS)的同震形变场;结合同震形变场特征与震源机制解,构建了改则地震双断层破裂模型;利用四叉树采样后的多视线向同震形变场进行约束,通过梯度下降法(Steepest Descent Method,SDM)与Crust2.0地壳分层模型反演了改则地震的同震滑动分布特征。结果表明:反演的形变残差得到有效控制,基本介于0±10 cm之间;主震断层的滑动量主要位于断层面2—16 km深部,最大滑动量可达1.34 m,位于断层面6.4 km深处;余震断层滑动量主要位于断层面2—6 km深部,最大滑动量可达0.90 m,位于断层面3.52 km深处;主震断层与余震断层均以正断为主,但主震断层还具有一定的左旋走滑分量,而余震断层的左旋走滑不明显;当剪切模量μ取3.2×1010Pa时,反演获得的主震与余震地震矩M0分别为6.34×1018N·M与1.20×1018N·M,分别相当于矩震级MW6.47与MW5.98。  
      关键词:改则地震;滑动分布反演;梯度下降法;InSAR;多视线向   
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    • 胡骁,田淑芳,丁雷龙,周家晶
      2015, 19(2): 310-318. DOI: 10.11834/jrs.20153348
      摘要:本文在介绍航空高光谱热红外的两种发射率反演算法——ARTEMISS算法和ASTER TES算法基础上,以甘肃柳园地区的热红外高光谱TASI数据为基础,对实验区进行了发射率反演,结合野外实测结果,对两种算法的图像质量和精度进行了对比分析。结果显示,两种算法均能满足反演精度要求,ASTER TES算法图像质量好,精度较高;ARTEMISS步骤简单,反演结果能很好地体现出岩性差异。在实际应用中应结合不同的应用要求来选择不同的反演算法。  
      关键词:热红外高光谱;ARTEMISS;ASTER TES;发射率反演   
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    • 董婷,孟令奎,张文
      2015, 19(2): 319-327. DOI: 10.11834/jrs.20153355
      摘要:植被土壤水分状态的微小变化能引起短波红外光谱反射率的巨大变化。利用MODIS第6波段和第7波段构建短波红外光谱特征空间,依据不同土地利用类型分析不同地物在光谱特征空间中的分布规律,提出MODIS短波红外水分胁迫指数MSIWSI。利用实测20 cm土壤相对湿度验证MSIWSI、EVI以及MPDI与实测数据相关性关系并对比分析不同指数敏感性,利用不同物候期春小麦土壤墒情分析MSIWSI指数适用性。研究结果表明:与其他指数相比,MSIWSI模型与实测土壤湿度的相关性更高;MSIWSI能够反映不同物候期春小麦土壤水分变化趋势,相关性都达到极显著性水平。  
      关键词:MODIS短波红外水分胁迫指数(MSIWSI);干旱监测;土壤水分;植被覆盖度;土地利用类型   
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      发布时间:2021-06-10
    • 胡晓悦,张彩云,商少凌
      2015, 19(2): 328-338. DOI: 10.11834/jrs.20153307
      摘要:利用2008年—2009年Argo、Argos现场观测海表面温度SST,对OSTIA、MISST、MWSST以及NGSST4种融合SST产品在南海及其周边海域的适用性进行评估。验证结果表明,4种融合SST产品在外海的均方根误差RMS介于0.3—1.0℃,bias介于-0.1—0.6℃;除了NGSST在近岸出现明显暖偏外,其他3种融合SST与现场SST基本一致,OSTIA与现场SST的偏差为最小。对4种融合SST产品彼此间的互较也表明,它们在水深大于80 m的海区没有显著性差异,但彼此间的偏差会随水深变浅而增大。此外,各产品间偏差在冬季最大,夏季最小。本文为具有高时空覆盖度的融合SST产品在南海及其周边海域的应用提供了一个可靠的依据。  
      关键词:融合SST;验证;互较;遥感;南海   
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    • 张云俊,万紫,谢酬,邵芸,袁名欢,陈武,王新
      2015, 19(2): 347-354. DOI: 10.11834/jrs.20154055
      摘要:形变监测是海塘安全运行的重要组成部分。本文利用杭州地区2006年—2010年获取的31景EnvisatASAR影像,根据MTInSAR(Multi-Temporal In SAR)方法,综合提取PS(Persistent Scatterer)和DS(Distributed Scatterer)点,得到密集的钱塘江海塘形变的In SAR测量结果。与28个点的水准数据对比表明,两者的平均误差为0.436 mm,最大误差为5.016 mm,验证了In SAR技术毫米级的测量精度和准确性。通过这两种数据的时间序列分析发现,海塘的沉降在空间上具有连续性,其空间分布呈现为单峰下沉曲线;在时间上,则具有明显的线性变化规律,并伴随有短时间范围的小幅度波动。  
      关键词:MTInSAR;PS;DS;钱塘江海塘;沉降   
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    • 2015, 19(2): 355.
      摘要:<正>近80年来中国大陆地区人口密度分界线变化 Variation of population density boundary in Mainland China in recent 80 years 封面图片是采用1935年、1964年、1982年、1990年、2000年及2010年共6年的人口统计数据,制作的近80年来中国大陆地区人口密度分界线变化图。分界线基于胡焕庸先生提出的"爱辉-腾冲"线中给定的人口比例阈值(西北部:4%;东南部96%),及洛伦兹(Lorenz)曲线原理厘定而成。自1935年以来,该分界线整体向西北方向偏移,在甘肃、宁夏回族自治区偏移较大,吉林、内蒙古自治区、陕西、云南、四川东南部次之,四川东北  
        
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