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Received：11 September 2025，
Published：07 April 2026
移动端阅览
城市安全是保障城市稳定与可持续发展的基石，作为具备干涉测量能力的国产商业合成孔径雷达SAR（Synthetic Aperture Radar）卫星，涪城一号可在城市安全监测领域发挥重要作用，几何校正则是其中关键步骤。高精度的几何校正结果有助于准确关联影像像元与真实地物，对影像的语义分析、形变精准溯源和形变机理研究有着重要意义。几何校正的效果依赖于卫星自身的定位能力及精校正，本文首先利用角反射器评定了涪城一号条带模式下的无控定位精度。另外，针对当前几何精校正方法在城市场景成本高、精度低的问题，本文基于公开的道路矢量数据，提出了一种基于结构张量和相位一致性的粗—细双阶段匹配算法，通过二维定位误差解耦、偏移量单向搜索、密度聚类以及局部精细匹配，实现了涪城一号在城市地区的几何精校正。实验结果显示，涪城一号无控定位精度优于50 m；本文提出算法在与模拟SAR影像匹配方法、定位误差改正方法和光学—SAR影像匹配方法的对比中取得了最佳的效果，将实验区域内涪城一号定位精度提升至6 m。本研究为改善涪城一号卫星几何定位精度提供了可参考的技术途径，对于国产SAR卫星数据在城市地区的应用具有积极意义。
Urban security is the essential foundation of stable and sustainably developing cities. Fucheng-1
a domestic commercial SAR satellite with interferometric capability
can play an important role in urban deformation monitoring
for which geometric rectification is a critical step. High-precision geometric rectification establishes accurate correspondence between image pixels and real-world objects. Such a correspondence is essential for the semantic analysis of imagery
attributing deformation anomalies
and understanding deformation mechanisms. Given that the performance of geometric rectification depends on the geolocation capability of satellites and efficacy of precision geometric rectification methods
this study first assesses the geolocation accuracy of Fucheng-1 in stripmap mode by deploying corner reflectors. This work proposes a two-stage road-vector matching algorithm that integrates structure-tensor features with phase congruency to address the high cost and limited accuracy of conventional geometric rectification methods in urban scenes. By decoupling range- and azimuth-direction errors
performing unidirectional offset searches
applying density-based clustering
and conducting local fine matching
the proposed method achieves the precise geometric rectification of Fucheng-1 imagery in urban areas. Results show that Fucheng-1’s geolocation accuracy is greater than 50 m. Furthermore
compared with other methods
such as simulated SAR-image matching
model-based error correction
and optical-SAR matching
the proposed approach yields the best performance
improving geolocation accuracy to approximately 6 m in the study area. This work provides a practical approach to enhance the geolocation accuracy of Fucheng-1 and supports the application of domestic SAR data in urban environments.
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