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Published： 2017-9 ，
Accepted： 14 April 2017
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姜勃, 赵巧华. 2017. 太湖梅梁湾下行漫衰减系数的Monte Carlo模拟及分析. 遥感学报, 21(5): 715–727
Jiang B and Zhao Q H. 2017. Monte Carlo simulation and analysis of diffuse attenuation of downwelling irradiance in Meiliang Bay of Taihu Lake. Journal of Remote Sensing, 21(5): 715–727
漫衰减系数常用于计算水体浑浊度和划分水体等级，是水中生物进行光合作用等生态过程中的重要参数。本文假设水体固有光学特性(IOPs)不随垂直剖面变化，水体表面为镜面。通过Monte Carlo方法模拟追踪光子在水中的运动过程，统计大量光子在不同深度上的能量分布，计算出下行漫衰减系数
K
d
值。结果表明：在450 nm，550 nm和650 nm波长处模拟的
K
d
值基本上小于实测
K
d
值，对应后向散射概率为3%的散射相函数模拟的相对误差最小，适合用于构建太湖水体的
K
d
值反演模型。进一步分析入射天顶角、
b/a
值对
K
d
值变化的影响，结果发现：在
b/a
较大的情况下，散射相函数成为影响
K
d
值变化的主要因素。当
b/a
值大于9时，入射天顶角从10°变化到80°时，
K
d
值的变化率小于10%，可忽略入射天顶角的变化对
K
d
值的影响。利用单一散射相函数模拟不同波长处的
K
d
值，发现悬浮颗粒物浓度较高且以无机颗粒物为主体时，450—550 nm内模拟值大于实测值，550—650 nm内则相反，说明随着波长的增加，水体中颗粒物的散射呈现出前向散射减弱、后向散射增强的变化趋势。在反演不同波长处的
K
d
值时需考虑到散射相函数的光谱变化所造成的误差。
The diffuse attenuation coefficient (
K
d
) is an important property related to the penetration and availability of light underwater
which is of fundamental interest in studies of primary production
physical and biological process. The remote sensing estimation of diffuse attenuation coefficient can reveal the change of underwater light field
which is one of the main ways to obtain the diffuse attenuation coefficient. Models developed in the recent decades were mainly based on theoretical and numerical(radiative transfer)simulations. In this paper
a Monte Carlo calculation procedure has been developed for modeling of the penetration of light into turbid inland waters found at Meiliang Bay of Taihu Lake. We assume the water optical homogeneously
inherent optical properties (IOPs) do not change with depth
the water surface as a mirror
We can use the Monte Carlo method to simulate the movement process of photons in the water
energy distribution statistics of a large number of photons at different depths
calculate the downward diffuse attenuation coefficient value. We use several phase function with different backscatter fraction and overall shape as comparison. The results indicate that in the same condition of sun zenith angle and absorb coefficient (
a
)、scatter coefficient (
b
)
simulated
K
d
values appear quite different when choose different scattering phase function. Simulated
K
d
values based on phase function applied to ocean or slightly turbid waters are less than the measured values. Within 450 nm
550 nm
650 nm band
the relative error between simulated
K
d
value with phase function that have a backscatter fraction of 0.03 and measured
K
d
value is the minimum. The phase function that have a backscatter fraction of 0.03 is more appropriate to develop a semi-analytical model based on inland turbid lake water than particular normalized phase function used in ocean water. We use the MC model to discuss the relationship between variation of sun zenith angle and phase function and
K
d
value. It turns out under the condition of high values of
b/a
phase function become the main factor to effect the change of
K
d
value. When
b/a
values are greater than 9
the incident zenith angle changes from 10° to 80°
the rate of change in
K
d
values is less than 10%
so the impact of the variation of the sun zenith angle on the change of
K
d
value is negligible. Using a single wavelength scattering phase function to simulate
K
d
values at different wavelength. It’s found that in more turbid water
when the wavelength are less than 550 nm
simulated values are greater than measured values
in contrast
when the wavelength are greater than 550 nm
simulated values are less than measured values
which indicate that with the increase of wavelength
the scattering properties of particulate matter in water appear a variation trend that it’s weaken in the forward scattering and heighten in the backward scattering. When we develop the remote sensing model of
K
d
value for inland lake water type. We should consider the difference of scattering properties of water. Under different concentration of suspended matter and different wavelength
we should consider the spectral variation of the phase functions and use the phase function with the correct backscatter fraction.
Monte Carlo数值模拟漫衰减系数入射天顶角散射相函数
Monte Carlonumerical simulationdiffuse attenuation coefficientzenith anglescattering phase function
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