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Received：22 October 2021，
Published：07 May 2023
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卫星红外载荷辐射定标是定量化应用的重要前提，选择合适的辐射定标参考是实现卫星传感器高频次、高精度定标，进而维持全生命周期观测稳定性的保障。再分析资料能够提供全球覆盖、一定空间和时间分辨率的地表及大气数据，已在气候应用中展现了重要价值，其作为辐射定标参考的适用性值得研究。本文以欧洲中期天气预报中心ERA5再分析资料为研究对象，首先利用Argo浮标观测海表温度（SST）和Terra-MODIS L2级SST日产品，对ERA5数据集的海洋表皮温度参数（SST
skin
）进行验证；其次利用MODIS观测星上亮温值，对使用ERA5 SST
skin
和大气廓线数据模拟得到星上亮温值进行验证。结果表明，ERA5 SST
skin
与Argo SST的平均偏差在-0.31 K以内，与MODIS SST产品的平均偏差在-0.38 K以内，且与Argo SST的偏差在时间和空间上更为稳定；辐射传输计算结果显示，与星上观测亮温的平均偏差也在-0.38 K以内，且偏差随时间和纬度变化波动较小。最后，本文还探究了风速、大气水汽柱总量、海浪平均高度等气象影响因素与海表温度偏差和星上亮温偏差的相关性，整体看来，在6—16 m/s中等风速，低于7.0 g/cm
2
水汽柱总量以及0.6—3 m海浪平均高度的条件下，海表温度偏差以及星上亮温偏差较低。研究结果可为再分析资料用于不依赖实测数据的卫星红外载荷绝对辐射定标提供有效支撑。
Thermal infrared radiometric calibration of satellite sensors is an important prerequisite of quantitative remote sensing. An appropriate radiometric calibration source ensures high-frequency
high-precision calibration of satellite sensors and guarantees observation stability during the on-orbit stage. Re-analysis data provide global surface and atmospheric data with a fixed resolution
and they are crucial to climate applications. The feasibility of using re-analysis data as a reference source for radiometric calibration is worthy of being studied. In this study
the ERA5 re-analysis data of the European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasting were used. Argo buoy Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and Terra-MODIS L2 SST daily products were employed to verify the sea surface skin temperature (SST
skin
) of ERA5. The MODIS-observed brightness temperature was used to verify the Top Of Atmosphere (TOA) simulation with the support of ERA5 SST
skin
and atmospheric profile data. Results showed that the Mean Bias Error (MBE) between ERA5 SST
skin
and Argo SST was -0.31 K
and the MBE between ERA5 SST
skin
and MODIS SST was -0.38 K. The former temperature difference was more stable than the latter. The root mean square error between the simulated TOA brightness temperatures and the MODIS observations was also -0.38 K. In addition
some meteorological factors
such as wind speed
total column water vapor
and ocean wave height
were used to analyze the correlation between the SST
skin
differences and TOA brightness temperature. Overall
under the conditions of medium wind speed of 6—16 m/s
total column water vapor of less than 7.0 g/cm
2
and ocean wave height of 0.6—3 m
the difference between SST
skin
and TOA brightness temperature was small. These findings can provide an accurate basis for the use of re-analysis data as a reference source in thermal infrared radiometric calibration.
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