“The rapid development of remote sensing satellite technology has enabled high spatial resolution remote sensing images to be widely applied in multiple fields. However, such images often face the problem of large intra class variance, which affects the extraction efficiency of remote sensing information. In response to this challenge, research on spatial constraints between pixels has gradually received attention and achieved a series of results. But these studies are relatively scattered, lacking systematicity and connection. Experts have comprehensively summarized and categorized these spatial constraint methods, covering processes, application scenarios, and various method principles. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of various methods, experts also looked forward to the development trend of spatial constraint methods and pointed out possible shortcomings in the research. This work provides valuable reference for research in the field of remote sensing image information extraction and helps to promote further development in this field.”