最新刊期
卷 25 ， 期 12 ， 2021
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摘要：This paper sorts out a set of information technology framework suitable for protecting and utilizing cultural heritage, especially the Great Wall Cultural Heritage, under the background of the great development of information technology.By combing the previous literature, this paper summarizes the relevant research progress and shortcomings at home and abroad and then proposes a comprehensive and systematic method framework and technical plan. First, the Great Wall cultural heritage is selected as the research object, because it is a complex object involving multiple types and scales of cultural heritage. Moreover, on the basis of the inherent needs of the protection and utilization of the Great Wall cultural heritage and the theory of Great Wall studies, it can be clarified that the role of information technology in protecting and utilizing the Great Wall cultural heritage is to promote the dynamic balance of the protection and utilization of the Great Wall cultural heritage through the application of information technology. Then, using the digital twin theory and methods, combined with the development trend of new information technology, this paper deeply explores the information technology method framework for the protection and utilization of the Great Wall cultural heritage. The reason why the concept and technology of the digital twin are introduced is that it can make the protection and utilization of the Great Wall Cultural Heritage no longer a passive record, but can actively simulate, deduce, predict, and feedback the physical space. Finally, guided by the method framework, the Great Wall Cultural Heritage of typical sample area is selected as the research object, guided by the actual protection and utilization needs of sample areas, the application logic of technology integration in the method framework has been combed, and then the scientific research results of evidence-based analysis and scientific deduction are generated.The method framework takes evidence-based analysis and scientific deduction as the key contents, covering five aspects: data collection technology method of Great Wall Cultural Heritage, model construction technology method, quantitative analysis technology method, virtual restoration technology method, and display inheritance technology method. Meanwhile, through the analysis and deduction of the method framework, it can be concluded that future research will focus on model construction and quantitative analysis in the part of evidence-based analysis. In the part of evidence-based analysis, future research will focus on model construction and quantitative analysis. The difficulty is to break through the correlation technology between entity model and semantic information. In the part of scientific deduction, virtual restoration will be the focus of future research, and the difficulty is the processing and organization of multi-source evidence level. Furthermore, taking Laoniuwan Fort in Shanxi Province as an example, on the basis of the method framework, a technical plan for the protection and utilization of the Great Wall cultural heritage is further constructed, and the specific application path of the technical plan is explained.The proposed method framework and technical solutions are not only based on solving the digital appearance of the Great Wall cultural heritage, but also revealing the connotation and essence of the Great Wall cultural heritage, which will help fundamentally realize the effective protection of the Great Wall cultural heritage system and sustainable use.关键词：remote sensing;the Great Wall Cultural Heritage;Conservation and Utilization;Information technology;evidence-based analysis;scientific deduction- 1436
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发布时间：2022-01-11 -
摘要：With the rapid development of digital technology, the digital protection and utilization of grotto cultural relics have attracted worldwide attention. We introduce the digitalization of grotto cultural relics from three perspectives, namely, the collection, protection, and utilization of grotto cultural relics. Moreover, it laid special stress on analyzing the applying status of the cutting-edge technology related to the digital protection of these cultural relics. In analyzing the cutting-edge research, we found that digital protection research on grotto temple cultural relics has been formed, which is developing rapidly with the dropping cost of technology.The rapid update of cultural relics digitization technology and endless applications extended the scope of cultural relics digitization technology from the initial digital recording to various applications. Thus, listing all the types of technologies involved in cultural relics digitization is impossible. This study discusses the digital protection and utilization of the cultural relics of the cave temple in recent years, mainly involving the visual information category. Moreover, other technical scopes will not be introduced.The protection and utilization of digitization include protection related to digital recording and the utilization of digitized information. The technologies used by them are different but not completely unrelated. This study classifies and summarizes from the technology perspective. The Longmen Grottoes art mainly includes cave niche architecture, stone sculptures, and stele inscriptions. Cave niche architecture refers to the shape of cave niches, eaves, lintels, wood-like buildings on the walls, stone relief towers, and so on. Therefore, the technology used must also be covered extensively. Next, this study mainly introduces 3D information acquisition technology and 3D printing.However, current research topics remain relatively scattered, hence a complete system has not yet been formed. Domestic research also has problems, such as convergence of research perspectives and lack of international exchanges. Finally, through the introduction and analysis of the classic cases of Yungang Grottoes and Longmen Grottoes, the paper explores the future trends and provides relevant technology and application suggestions.The success of the two cases also shows that the digital work of the cave temple is the result of the cross integration of multiple technologies and multiple, and that over emphasis on a certain technology often fails to solve practical problems. How to deeply mine the effective information of the collected data, and flexibly use VR, AR, and artificial intelligence, and other related technologies to use and inherit the cave temple culture is a hot research trend in the future.关键词：remote sensing;digitization;cultural relics;Grotto Temple and Ancient Architecture Archeology;three dimensional modeling;three dimensional printing;Color Science- 945
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发布时间：2022-01-11 -
摘要：Digitization is one of the most important means of spreading heritage values. Nowadays, as one of the symbols of ancient civilization, the Great Wall of China has a great and irreplaceable historical research value, especially in military architecture, technology, and art. In the long-term development of the digital protection of cultural heritage, people have been paying more attention to the digital restoration of movable cultural relics, such as artifacts, calligraphy, painting, manuscripts, and immovable cultural relics, including large Buddhist shrines and murals. However, studies on the digital restoration of the Great Wall ruins remain scant.On the basis of the value demand of the Great Wall protection and the research foundation of digital restoration, this study argues that authentic evidence is the key factor affecting scientific restoration and puts forward the criterion that the digital restoration of the Great Wall should be consistent with the “original appearance” and “authenticity” of the Great Wall. This paper summarizes the basic concepts of the digital restoration of the Great Wall and puts forward the general ideas of the Great Wall digital restoration in terms of domain knowledge, evidence transformation, evidence fusion, semantic modeling to knowledge service. This paper also discusses the three basic problems of the digital restoration of the Great Wall, namely, the cognition of the Great Wall, data collection, evidence conversion, and the concept and implementation of restoration. Aiming at these basic problems, three research directions are proposed, that is, knowledge construction in the field of Great Wall digital restoration, key technologies of digital restoration, and knowledge service. The construction of the knowledge of the Great Wall deepens the cognitive category of the Great Wall. The key technologies are the implementation of spatial geographic information 3S technology, deep learning, and semantic modeling. The knowledge service of the digital restoration of the Great Wall can provide services for the sustainable preventive protection of the Great Wall, experts, and the public. Finally, taking Nine Eyes Watchtower an example, the restoration results under the framework of digital restoration are introduced.The results of the digital restoration of the Great Wall are not absolute. Its greatest advantage is that it can accept the public's judgment and the emergence of new evidence at any time, rendering the digital restoration of the Great Wall as a dynamic and open research process. The significance lies in the integration of multi-disciplinary advantages, showing the restoration process of the Great Wall to different groups, such as departments, experts and scholars, and the public; Furthermore, from the perspective of the protection of the Great Wall, digital restoration is a supplement to the strategy of “original site protection and original state protection,” respecting physical protection and giving full play to the advantages of digital means. The digital restoration framework can not only provide a scientific, humanistic, and feasible scheme for the digital restoration of the Great Wall, but also provide a new reference for the restoration of other ancient sites.关键词：The Great Wall;remote sensing;multi-source data;evidence;semantic;digital restoration framework;the Nine Eyes Watchtower- 815
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发布时间：2022-01-11
Research Progress
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摘要：Human society has entered the big data era given the exponential growth of remote sensing data due to the emergence of higher resolution, frequent revisits, and multi-platform image acquisitions. This phenomenon raised challenges for Interferometric SAR (InSAR) and Multitemporal InSAR (MTInSAR) data processing in near real time. For instance, the traditional PSInSAR algorithm can no longer satisfy a fast response monitoring due to delay in deformation time series updating.To address the aforementioned technical limitations, we proposed a PSInSAR sequential processing algorithm characterized by the optimized searching-space to achieve the performance improvement of Differential InSAR (DInSAR) data preprocessing and MTInSAR parameter estimation. In this approach, new SAR acquisitions were seamlessly integrated into the reconstructed spatiotemporal baselines of interferograms. Then, a triple-level Delaunay network was established using the temporal coherence value (high, low, and decorrelated) on network edges. On the basis of the value inheritance from previous PSInSAR estimations, the unknown parameter estimation on PS candidates for the sequential PSInSAR was accelerated owing to the proposed searching strategy adopted to the triple-level coherence network edges. That is, the solution space was first sampled using a large searching step (for example, 10 times the measurement accuracy of unknown parameters) to determine the potential interval of the optimal solution. Then, the choice of network edge was determined on the basis of the maximum value of the temporal coherence, followed by a dedicated fine searching (with the step equivalent to the predetermined accuracy of unknown parameters) concentrating on the potential interval for the optimal inversion. Owing to the applied global-local searching strategy, the optimization of calculation efficiency and estimation accuracy can be achieved.We conducted a comparative investigation for the deformation estimation and performance assessment between the current PSInSAR and the proposed sequential PSInSAR methods using 32 scenes Cosmo SkyMed Stripmap images (in descending orbits and acquired from January 2015 to February 2018) covering the Nanjing Ming Dynasty City wall. Results indicate that a high efficiency of unknown parameter estimation (height, deformation, and thermal dilation) was obtained using the sequential PSInSAR with the adopted optimized searching-space approach, with the computation acceleration with approximately an order of 10 times. The cross comparison of the deformation velocity rates from both approaches reveals a consistent estimation as presented by the overall dispersion values ranging from 0 to 1 mm/a, which validates the feasibility and reliability of sequential PSInSAR in the deformation estimation.The driving force of detected deformation anomalies along three sections of the city wall was further exploited, providing new insights for the sustainable conservation of the heritage properties. This study implies the potential of the sequential PSInSAR method in the accurate, near real-time deformation monitoring, and preventive conservation of large-scale cultural heritage sites (i.e., Nanjing Dynasty City Wall), particularly on the emergence of big data.关键词：remote sensing;PSInSAR;sequential processing;optimized searching-space;cultural heritage- 984
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发布时间：2022-01-11 -
摘要：This paper aims to explore a new method on the traditional archaeological Site Predictive Model (SPM) by integrating Multi-Spectral Remote Sensing (MSRS) resources. The application on the case study from the Loess Plateau of east Gansu Province shows great prospect of the combination of SPM and MSRS on the regional archaeological studies and cultural resource managements.The SPM is a useful statistic model in archaeological research and cultural heritage management practices. Previous archaeological applications of the SPMs relied heavily on the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) while overlooked the MSRS. This research attempts to integrate the MSRS, mainly the Landsat 8 OLI data, into the SPMs to increase the model’s predicting efficiency and to acquire high-quality predictive models, which can be used to evaluate the ancient land use degree in statistics.This research compares three SPMs that were based on the DEM-derived terrain factors, the factors from MSRS, and the mixed factors. The terrain factors include the following. First, the landform indices, such as slope, aspect, curvature, texture, and convexity. Second, the hydrological indices, such as channel network base level, valley depth, and vertical distance to rivers. Third, the topographic position indices, such as relative slope, topographic openness, and wind exposition. The MSRS factors are derived by the reduction of the PCA method on Landsat 8 OLI’s band 1—7. The mixed factors are the combination of terrain and MSRS factors totally. Archaeological data dated to the pre-Qin period from the systematic archaeological survey in east Gansu Province are incorporated into the three SPMs by using the Logistic Regression provided by Kvamme (1983) and AIC gradient optimization. Three assessment indices, including Goodness-of-Fit R2, AIC and, G value are calculated to test the three models on their predictive effects. Two spatial analysis methods, including cross raster statistics and cross PCF on sites vs. models are incorporated to evaluate the models on their spatial structures.The comparison of the three models indicates that the MSRS can significantly improve the validity of the modular prediction with the greater R2 (model1=0.265, model2=0.312, model3=0.414), G value (model1=0.51, model2=0.61, model3=0.64) and smaller AIC (model1=444.6, model2=420.0, model3=379.1). Meanwhile, models that combined MSRS data can achieve a better spatial structure than the DEM. Further analysis based on the mixed SPM (model3) indicates that the total land-use areas in the eastern part of the Loess Plateau increased from less than 10% during the Yangshao period to up to 43.1% during the Longshan period. The latter laid a solid foundation for the development of social complexity in the Pre-Qin period. The analysis on the MSRS-based model also reveals that the combination of bands 5-2-1 in OLI can provide more information on ancient sites.The land-use of Loess Plateau in east Gansu Province has demonstrated strong continuity since the prehistoric period. Thus, the modern multi-spectral remote sensing data can be well utilized into traditional archaeological site predictive model not least to improve its spatial structure and raise the model’s efficiency. Landsat 8 OLI can provide effective multi-spectral data for site identification and land-use classification. The band 5 of OLI potentially contains information on archaeological sites, which must be studied further.关键词：remote sensing;Loess Plateau in East Gansu Province;Archaeological Site Predictive Model;Landsat 8 OLI;Land-use in Pre-Qin period- 898
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发布时间：2022-01-11 -
摘要：Photogrammetry technology helps us reconstruct three dimensional models of cultural relics just by taking photos. However, the background where the cultural relics are located also participates in modeling simultaneously, which wastes storage space and computing resources. Meanwhile, the independence and aesthetics of the three dimensional models are destroyed. Additionally, pure models of cultural relics are obtained by manually deleting the background in three dimensional scenes, which is time consuming and cannot satisfy the practical needs of the flourishing development of digital cultural heritage.This research aims to obtain the three dimensional pure cultural relic models by deleting the redundant background of the photogrammetric model on the basis of object recognition without manual interaction.This paper proposed a method to delete the background of the three dimensional photogrammetric model of cultural relics by objects recognition. First, we recognized the foreground of the cultural relic image by using the deep learning network Mask R-CNN and One Cut, respectively. Second, we extracted the masks of cultural relics by combining the results of Mask R-CNN and One Cut. Last, we applied the masks of cultural relics to delete the background of three dimensional cultural relic models on the basis of the mapping relationships between images and three dimensional models. Moreover, we used the multi-view constraints to optimize the three dimensional recognition accuracy. Additionally, we improved the One Cut method by automatically setting the initial value. In the processing of three dimensional projecting to two dimensional, regarding the cases where triangles overlap, we applied the depth information to distinguish the triangles of foreground and background in three dimensional models.To evaluate proposed method, two cultural relics were selected for the experiments, including Buddha statues in the Beilin Museum in Shaanxi and Mayan masks in the Mexican Museum. We took photos of them and obtained three dimensional models via GET3D (get3d. cn). Our method performs effectively for the Buddha model and the Mayan masks model. Apparently, most of the background of the models is eliminated, and the main bodies of the models are completely preserved. Compared with the artificially labeled ground truth, it can be found that 1) our method preserved three dimensional models complete with a satisfactory recall of 99.23% and 99.20% for the Buddha model and the Mayan masks model, respectively; 2) the algorithm erased the triangles of background with a simplification rate of 85.34% and 86.44% for the Buddha model and the Mayan masks model, respectively; 3) with the advantage of the multi-view constraints, the recognition accuracy of the three dimensional model is higher than two dimensional image.The method proposed in this paper can automatically delete the background of the three dimensional photogrammetric model without manual intervention and preserve the integrity of the object well. The experimental results demonstrate the proposed method is feasible and effective. However, when applied to large three dimensional models, our method is limited to efficiency, given that we distinguished the overlapped triangles successively. Moreover, our pipeline provides a reference for recognizing three dimensional objects in various three dimensional scenes.关键词：remote sensing;Cultural Relics Digitization;deep learning;One Cut;Three-Dimensional Saliency Detection;Main Object Recognition- 882
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发布时间：2022-01-11 -
The design and realization of the ancient city narrative map based on spatiotemporal knowledge graph
摘要：As a witness of human civilization, the cultural heritage in the ancient city makes the memory of civilization more vivid and the urban living environment can be continued. Narrative map combines the advantages of cartography for expressing spatial information and narratology for expressing time information. It is an emerging direction of cartography in recent years, and it also provides a suitable space narrative carrier for ancient city.Aiming at the expression demand of ancient city narrative map, this paper studies the constituent elements, structure and relationship of ancient city narrative map from the perspective of geographical time and space, and constructs the knowledge graph of ancient city narrative map. On this basis, taking the ancient city of Qingjiangpu as an example, the paper designed the architecture of the ancient city narrative map. The paper constructed the typical landscape and architecture model of the ancient city using oblique photogrammetry and three-dimensional real scene modeling technology based on the remote sensing images, photos, historical records and other multi-source data of Qingjiangpu. At last we realized the multi-scale and multi-carrier ancient city narrative map.The design idea of narrative map based on spatiotemporal knowledge graph, and the landscape model constructing technique based on remote sensing images and other multi-source data, and the multi-scale, multi-carrier reproducing method of ancient city cultural heritage landscape proposed by this research provide references for the study of ancient city historical and cultural heritage.关键词：remote sensing;ancient city;narrative map;spatiotemporal knowledge graph;three-dimensional modeling- 975
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发布时间：2022-01-11
Technologies and Methodologies
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摘要：Immovable cultural relics are crucial material in cultural heritage. In recent years, meteorological and hydrological disasters, such as flood storms and other disasters, have been a significant threat to immovable cultural relics due to global climate change, torrential weather, and other extreme weather. Thus, extensive mapping and dynamic monitoring of water bodies timely are essential. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has the advantages of all-day, all-weather, and large-scale periodic earth observation and plays a key role in the application of large-scale water body monitoring.In this paper, a framework for monitoring inundation and risk of immovable cultural heritage based on residual U-Net is proposed by using time series SAR images. First, on the basis of the bimodal threshold segmentation method and combined with expert knowledge, water sample generation was carried out to improve the efficiency of the sample production. Second, the U-shaped convolutional network was established by introducing the residual module, which combined the characteristics of the residual structure and U-Net to alleviate the gradient dispersion and disappearance during the value updating. By accumulating and jumping links between convolutional layers, more feature information of objects is retained to achieve rapid and high-precision semantic segmentation of water bodies. Finally, by superimposing the water extraction results with the area of immovable cultural relics, the waterlogging status of immovable cultural relics can be monitored.Poyang Lake and the relic of Changyi Beidang in Nanchang were selected for the experiments. A total of 21 Sentinel-1 images covering Poyang Lake at different dates were obtained for water body extraction. The results were analyzed and evaluated by combining corresponding Sentinel-2 optical images. The experimental results show that the overall accuracy of the proposed method in the Poyang Lake experimental area is greater than 95%, and the proposed method outperforms Fully Convolutional Networks (FCN) and U-Net methods.Spatial superposition analysis was conducted combining the site of relic of Changyi with the monitoring results of water bodies from SAR images in long-term series. The experimental results unveil that the method proposed in this paper can extract water bodies and has great potential for inundation and risk monitoring of immovable cultural relics.关键词：remote sensing;synthetic aperture radar;immovable cultural relics;water extraction;deep learning;flooding monitoring- 940
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发布时间：2022-01-11 -
摘要：The global world cultural heritage ont and its environmental data are the basis for the recognition and protection of heritage values, as well as for the research, demonstration and sustainable use of heritage in the age of big data.Based on the network and earth big data, this paper constructs the knowledge map of the world cultural heritage by using the techniques of natural language processing, spatial analysis and domain knowledge map, and analyzes the landscape features, cultural continuity and spatial relationship between site and city and community based on knowledge map.A global world cultural heritage data set including 869 heritage sites and more than 200 types of attributes is reconstructed, and records the rich ontology of world cultural heritage and information about the characteristics of the environment. Then the data were organized in the form of a knowledge map. The research shows that the world cultural heritage site has the characteristics of distribution along the mountains and water systems, so it can refer to the geographical units, form the cultural heritage management and protection system with regional characteristics, and promote the sustainable development of the heritage site as a whole; Changes of the spatial distance between sites and cities or communities can be divided into three phases: the constant proximity period of 1990—2000, the slowdown in 2000—2015 and the acceleration of 2015—2018.The global world cultural heritage data were organized in the form of a knowledge map, which can support multiple attributes associated graph data mining and provide a basis for data reuse and deep processing. Based on the newly constructed data set, we also analyzed and verified the data set and knowledge map from the perspectives of the era and historical process of the heritage, the typical occurrence environment around the heritage, such as the distribution of mountains and water systems, and the changes of cities and communities, so as to meet the needs of global big data monitoring in the protection of world cultural heritage. And changes of the spatial relation between sites and cities show that continued attention needs to be paid to the impact of changes in urban and heritage site spatial relations on the sustainable development of heritage in the future.关键词：remote sensing;cultural heritage;Big Earth Data;Knowledge Graph;Graph-Data Mining;Visualization- 1008
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发布时间：2022-01-11 -
摘要：Traditional villages are the living carriers of Chinese civilization, the “living fossils” and “museums” of Chinese history, culture, and natural heritage, carrying the essence of Chinese traditional culture. Jiangxi has a splendid history and culture, and the evolution of the spatial-temporal pattern of traditional villages carries the historical changes and cultural heritage of Jiangxi. The study of traditional villages has positive practical significance and far-reaching historical significance for the effective protection and inheritance of historical and cultural heritage.From the perspective of historical geography, this paper combines historical documents and Global Moran’s I, Getis-Ord Gi*, nuclear density analysis, standard deviation ellipse and Geo detector，and takes 343 traditional villages in Jiangxi Province under the Chinese traditional village directory as the research object. Explore their spatial-temporal pattern evolution law and influencing factors from the three dimensions of history, space and culture.First of all, from a spatial point of view, the distribution of traditional villages in Jiangxi Province has obvious agglomeration, and “hot spots” appear in Wu yuan County of Shangrao City, Fuliang County of Jingdezhen City, Northeast Capital of Fuzhou City, and the middle of Jian City. Unique “three-core” distribution model. Second, from the historical perspective, most of the traditional villages in Jiangxi Province were born in the Song and Ming periods. The spatial distribution of traditional villages in each dynasty is also different, but on the whole it shows a trend of temporal and spatial migration from “north (slightly east) to south (slightly west)”. In addition, from the perspective of village distribution and site selection, the sites of traditional villages in Jiangxi Province are mostly concentrated in areas with elevations below 200m, slopes less than 10°, and surrounding water sources. Under the influence of social economy, the distribution of traditional villages is mostly based on “Mainly by water, supplemented by land”. Affected by today’s social economy, the current distribution of villages tends to be in the fringe areas with medium or low economic level and far from the city. Finally, from a cultural perspective, the unique regional cultures such as Luling Culture, Linchuan Culture, and Huizhou Culture provide the historical and cultural foundation for the spatial distribution of traditional villages in Jiangxi Province.The spatial-temporal pattern and evolution of traditional villages in Jiangxi Province are affected by factors such as the natural environment, social economy, and regional culture at that time. The basin structure and dense water network of Jiangxi Province determine that natural factors are the primary factor in determining the location of traditional villages, and the development of regional culture has promoted the expansion and growth of villages. The current economic development and urban construction seriously affect the protection of traditional villages, and policy support is an important cornerstone of the protection of traditional villages.关键词：remote sensing;traditional villages;historical geography;spatial-temporal pattern;heritage protection;Geo detector- 1248
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发布时间：2022-01-11 -
摘要：Asian elephant habitat of Sri Lanka is one of the most important elephants protected area which the population density of Asian elephants is large in Sri Lanka more than tenfold with other regions, but habitat fragmentations and human-elephant conflicts result in a number of elephant populations declined dramatically. This study aimed to estimate the spatio-temporal pattern and differentiation of habitat quality to evaluate the status of Asian elephant habitat conservation in Sri Lanka.In this study, we applied the InVEST-HQ model to calculate habitat quality index with consideration of habitat requirements and the influence factors of Asian elephant in the period of 1995 to 2020. DEM and NDVI were used to analyze the numerical distribution of habitat quality at different elevation gradients and vegetation cover gradients. Meanwhile, Spatial autocorrelation methods were used to quantify the spatial patterns of habitat quality in different protected areas and climate classifications.The results showed that the overall habitat quality of Asian elephant habitat in Sri Lanka was relatively low (the percentage of low level was above 47%) and had a significant linear correlation between habitat quality and elevation and vegetation fraction coverage. Habitat quality was concentrated in low elevation gradient (elevation less than 500m) and high vegetation fraction coverage gradient (greater than 0.5). The spatial pattern of habitat quality was significantly positive autocorrelation which indicated a high spatial agglomeration was distributed over total Asian elephant habitat with high-high and low-low clustering. Different protected areas and climate classifications had a conspicuous variation in the spatial clustering of habitat quality. In the period of 2010 to 2020, the percentage of high-high clustering had a little increasing tendency and the percentage of low-low clustering declined, which could embody habitat quality was tended to stable in Asian elephant habitat of Sri Lanka.Our study suggested that habitat quality evaluation should be considered the influence of spatial interaction to quantitatively analyze the spatial pattern, which could provide a new approach to evaluate and understand the status of specific species conservation based on remote sensing and geographic information technology.关键词：remote sensing application;Asian elephant habitat of Sri Lanka;Habitat quality;InVEST-HQ;Spatial differentiation;Gradient analysis- 856
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发布时间：2022-01-11 -
摘要：The World Natural Heritage Sites has attracted worldwide focus because of their Outstanding Universal Values (OUVs). However, in recent years, fragile ecological environments have destroyed the structural and functional integrity of the ecological system of the heritage sites, seriously threatening the OUVS of the World Natural Heritage Sites. In this paper, on the basis of satellite remote sensing image, meteorological observation data, and ground survey data, taking Bayanbulak world natural heritage as a study case, we mapped the spatial key elements of OUVs in Bayanbulak heritage from 1992 to 2020. Combined with a dynamic degree and landscape pattern index, the temporal and spatial change characteristics of OUVs key elements and their landscape pattern were analyzed, and the main natural and human factors influencing their spatial distribution and change characteristics were discussed. Results show that a landscape characteristic of gradual transition of water-marsh-high coverage grassland-moderate coverage grassland/beach land/sandy land-low coverage grassland/farmland-barren/construction land was presented from the center of the heritage protection area to the edge. Moreover, the main representative elements were marsh and moderate coverage grassland, which accounted for 29.51% and 29.75% of the study area, respectively. Concerning the landscape pattern, it shows scattered and complicated development characteristics. PD and LSI increased from 2.05 and 43.01 in 1992 to 2.37 and 52.02 in 2020. The contagion index has also been reduced from 58.44% to 56.54%. The average precipitation was the key factor influencing the area of water and marsh, and their r values are 0.884 and -0.929, respectively. The area of low coverage grassland was most affected by the average relative humidity, with r value of -0.931. These indicate that natural factors were the main reasons for the area change of alpine wetland and alpine grassland in Bayanbulak. Population density, soil type, and elevation were the main factors driving the spatial distribution of OUVs key elements in Bayanbulak Heritage Site, and the maximum q value in Geodetector was 0.45. The interaction effect between any two factors was greater than that of individual factor, and the maximum detector power of 47.8% was in the combination of population density and soil type. However, the detector powers of factors on the dynamic degree of OUVs key elements in Bayanbuk site were not high (the maximum q value was only 0.106). The study of landscape pattern variation and its driving factors in natural heritage sites are highly significant for heritage protection, ecological restoration, and sustainable development.关键词：remote sensing;Nature Heritage;OUVs;landscape pattern;spatial-temporal characteristic;driving factors;Bayanbulak;Tianshan- 938
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发布时间：2022-01-11 -
摘要：The Yancheng coastal wetland in Jiangsu province, as a UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) natural heritage site with an area of 2687 km², is one of the most important habitats for the overwintering of red-crowned cranes in Asia. In recent decades, due to the combined effects of intensive human activities in sectors, such as industry, agriculture, aquaculture, and urbanization, the pattern of coastal wetland system and the suitable habitat for red-crowned cranes have changed dramatically. Therefore, the spatio-temporal variation pattern of coastal wetland system must be identified, and its key impact factors must be explored to protect the coastal wetland and conserve its biodiversity. Currently, research on land cover changes in the Yancheng coastal wetland is insufficient for species habitat monitoring. Thus, further study on the suitable habitat for red-crowned cranes in a long-term and large regional scale is warranted.In this study, multi-temporal and multi-source remote sensing data, such as Landsat TM/OLI data during 1989 to 2019 and Sentinel-2 data in 2019, were used to analyze the features of spatio-temporal variation in the Yancheng coastal wetland. First, the classification system and image interpretation symbols of the study area were established to draw the maps of classification and transfer distribution in six periods from 1989 to 2019. Then, the structural and functional connectivity of the suitable habitat for red-crowned cranes were evaluated on the basis of the species diffusion ability. Finally, the key ecological nodes for the overwintering of red-crowned cranes were evaluated.Results show that the eco-environment of natural wetland has degraded rapidly, with an area loss of 49.46%. Contrastingly, the artificial wetland increased by 69.24%, which was mainly realized by occupying the natural wetland and reclaiming the tidal flat. The center of reclamation tended to migrate from north to south and from coastal land to sea. The area of seepweed saltmarsh and alkaline land as suitable habitat decreased by 489.10 km², with a proportion decreased from 19.88% in 1989 to 4.36% in 2019. As for structural connectivity, our results reveal that the connectance index of suitable habitat patches decreased from 1.83 to 1.30, showing a downward trend. The distance between the patches increased and the fragmentation intensified. Concurrently, the estimations of functional connectivity index demonstrate that the integral and probability indexes of connectivity in 2019 are less than 0.01. The functional connectivity decreased, and the connection network was generally broken with only a small part of the connection network with high betweenness centrality index. They exist in the core area of UNESCO natural heritage site and the Tiaozini region. They are also the key ecological nodes for the habitat of red-crowned cranes.In summary, the connectivity of the suitable habitat for red-crowned cranes has decreased sharply because of land cover changes in the UNESCO natural heritage site—Yancheng coastal wetland in the past 30 years. However, the habitat for red-crowned cranes has been greatly improved since the core area has reverted aquaculture pond and cultivated land to natural wetland in 2014. In addition to enhancing the scientific conservation of the existing suitable habitat, such as the core area of UNESCO natural heritage site and Tiaozini region, the key ecological nodes in the natural wetland should be restored to improve the connectivity among the habitat patches.关键词：remote sensing application;coastal wetland;habitat for red-crowned cranes;UNESCO natural heritage site;multi-temporal remote sensing;landscape connectivity- 1002
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发布时间：2022-01-11
Remote Sensing Applications
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