Spatial-temporal water area monitoring of the Miyun Reservoir using remote sensing imagery from 1984 to 2020
- Vol. 27, Issue 2, Pages: 335-350(2023)
Published： 07 February 2023
DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20220489
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摘要
密云水库在防洪、灌溉、发电、养殖、旅游、供应城市用水等方面产生了巨大效益，准确地完成水库制图并分析其特征时空变化对密云水库生态环境监测及管理具有重要意义。本文以密云水库为研究区域，收集了1984年—2020年所有的Landsat 5和Landsat 8遥感影像，利用水体的光谱、地形、时空特征，研究并解决了水库水体动态制图中的云、阴影、冰雪干扰，同物异谱及混合像元等难点问题，提出了一套自动化且高精度的水库水体动态制图算法，在无云无冰雪的情况下的总体精度高达98.2%，并引入了景观分裂度指数分析密云水库形态变化。基于制图结果发现水库水面面积变化可划分为5个时期：“增长期”（1984年—1993年）、“巅峰期”（1994年—1999年）、“衰落期”（2000年—2003年）、“保护期”（2004年—2014年）、“恢复期”（2015年—2020年），期间水库东、西两区经历了“三分三合”的过程，水库面积最大达到151.6 km²（1995年），最小仅为57.3 km²（2004年）；每年的最大面积出现在8—9月份，最小面积出现在5月份。此外，还讨论了密云水库水面面积变化与城市建设、政策、降水等多种驱动力的联系，可为水库的监测和管理提供参考。
Abstract
Miyun Reservoir has produced huge benefits in flood control
agricultural irrigation
power generation
aquaculture
tourism
and urban water supply. Accurate water mapping is of great significance to the ecological environment monitoring of the Miyun Reservoir and the management of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. The purpose of this research is to design a long-term dynamic water mapping method for the Miyun Reservoir by solving difficult problems such as cloud and snow interference
terrain shadows
and mixed pixels encountered in the mapping to realize the analysis and monitoring of water surface information changes in the Miyun Reservoir.
The research successfully applied the tasselled cap transformation to the cloud detection of Landsat series data. DEM data are used to remove terrain shadows during processing. The water index WI
which is very suitable for long-term dynamic mapping
is introduced for water extraction
and the local unmixing method is used to make the extracted water contours and subpixel small targets more accurate. In addition
the research innovatively uses the landscape separation index to conduct a macroscopic analysis of the water surface morphology of the Miyun Reservoir.
The algorithm in this paper has completed the dynamic water map of the Miyun Reservoir from 1984 to 2020
and the accuracy of the mapping result is high. The overall accuracy of direct verification is 98.2% under the condition of no clouds and snow
which is comparable to the existing water system map product (improved FROM-GLC). The overall consistency of cross-validation is as high as 99.4%. In addition
a long-term analysis of water surface information
such as the area
coverage
and morphological characteristics of the Miyun Reservoir
has been performed. (1) The area of Miyun Reservoir changed tremendously during the 37 years from 1984 to 2020
with the largest being 151.6 km² and the smallest being 57.3 km². The area changes are mainly concentrated in three areas
including the northern area
the area where the Chao and Bai Rivers enter the reservoir
and the island in the center of the reservoir. (2) Based on the changes in the area of Miyun Reservoir
it is divided into five periods: “growth” (1984—1993)
“peak” (1994—1999)
“decline” (2000—2003)
“protection” (2004—2014)
and “recovery” (2015—2020). (3) The changes in Miyun Reservoir during one year mainly occurred in 4 areas
including the northern area
the area where the Chao River enters the reservoir
the island in the center of the reservoir
and the West Stone Camel subdam area. Due to the release of water from the reservoir in May before the arrival of the rainy season each year
the area is the smallest. The area reached the largest in a year at the end of the rainy season in August or September because a large amount of rainwater was accumulated. (4) The Miyun Reservoir’s landscape separation changed greatly during the 37 years. When the water volume is small
it splits into two reservoir areas in the east and west. The east and west reservoirs underwent a process of
three divisions and three consolidations
from 1984 to 2020. The three split periods include 1984—1986
2003—2005
and 2014—2015
and the other years are in the consolidation period.
关键词
光学遥感动态水体制图时间序列分析密云水库水面信息景观指数Landsat
Keywords
optical remote sensingdynamic water mappingtime series analysisMiyun Reservoirwater arealandscape indexLandsat
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Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Beijing 100190, China; * Correspondence: jily@mail.ustc.edu
International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University
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