Research progress in the calibration method of the volume scattering function measurement technique
- Vol. 27, Issue 2, Pages: 285-298(2023)
Published： 07 February 2023
DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20221491
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摘要
体散射函数描述了光被水体散射后的角度分布特性，是海水固有光学特性之一，在水色遥感、生物光学特性及海气交互过程研究等光学海洋学研究及应用领域具有十分重要的意义。基于其强方向性、大动态范围、后向散射微弱等特点，体散射函数测量技术定标方法及应用研究至今仍在不断探索进步中。伴随体散射函数测量技术的发展，相继出现了基于散射体及散射通量的定标方法、基于漫射体与传感器响应权重函数的定标方法以及基于标准物质与传感器响应权重函数的定标方法等3大类体散射函数定标方法。相较于基于散射体及散射通量的定标方法，基于漫射体与传感器响应权重函数的定标方法可有效解决散射体估算难度大等问题，但更适用于宽视场角的后向散射仪；基于标准物质与传感器响应权重函数的定标方法极大简化了定标过程，且不受散射角度范围的限制。可以预见，上述3大类体散射函数定标方法的变通和组合方案是未来很长一段时间的主要定标方法，而基于标准物质与传感器响应权重函数的定标方法将是未来体散射函数最有优势的定标方法。本文以水体体散射函数定标方法为主线，归纳总结了国内外水体体散射函数定标、测量以及应用研究进展，并对未来体散射函数定标方法的发展趋势进行展望。
Abstract
The Volume Scattering Function (VSF) is an important Inherent Optical Property (IOP) of seawater
which is a critical and fundamental parameter to describe the angular distribution of the scattering of incident light by water. In particular
the VSF has a significant importance in the field of ocean color remote sensing
atmosphere-sea interaction
eco-disaster alerting. Due to a strong directional distribution characterized by a large dynamic range in signal in the whole scatter directions and faint backscattering signal
the VSF measurement and calibration are complex and the research is still in the process of exploration and progress. In this paper
the research progress of calibration method and measurement technology of VSF has been summarized
and the development tendency of the VSF calibration method has been predicted.
Since the birth of the first backscattering in situ measurement instrument in the 1930s
the calibration methods of the VSF measurement improved gradually with the development of measurement techniques. There are three main methods for calibrating the VSF measurement: the first is based on the estimation of the scattering volume and the scattering flux
the second is based on a diffusing target throughout the sample volume to obtain the sensor response weighting function
and the third is based on the Mie theory and the standard solution or particles to obtain the sensor response weighting function. For the first calibration method
the scattering volume is generally calculated based on the optical and mechanical structures with the plausible assumptions
and the scattering flux can be obtained by the response of each scattering sensor to a Lambertian target as a function of distance
this method is limited in the range of angles due to the large error in the estimation of scattering volume of the forward small angle and the backward near 180°. For the second one
the core of this method is the obtaining of the detector’s weighting function
and it is not modeled by the structure parameters of the instrument
but accurately measured through the moving a diffusing target throughout the sample volume
this method can effectively solve the problems of difficult and inaccurate scatterer estimation
and it is more suitable for large backscattering with wide Field Of View (FOV). In addition
for the last one
based on standard materials with known physical features and Mie scattering or Rayleigh scattering
the scattering properties of standard materials can be calculated theoretically. The detector’s weighting function or calibration coefficient is obtained by matching the measured original signals with the theoretical value. Using this method
the calibration process of the VSF measurement has been significantly simplified
and no longer constrained to the scattering angle range. It is clear that the precision of this method is positively related to the degree of perfection of the theoretical model and the parametric information of the standard substance.
With the gradual improvement in the understanding of the IOPs of water
and the increasing demand for in situ measurements
the VSF measurement technology and the calibrating precision are also constantly innovated and optimized. It can be anticipated that all above three main types of the VSF calibration methods or a variant combination of them will continue for a long period of time
while the calibration method based on standard matter and sensor response weighting function will play an important role in the future.
关键词
体散射函数定标方法Mie散射权重函数固有光学特性水色遥感
Keywords
Volume Scattering Function (VSF)calibration techniquesMie scatteringweighting functionInherent Optical Property (IOP)ocean color remote sensing
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