Development and applications of the UAV remote sensing network based on the intelligent UAV base station
- Vol. 27, Issue 2, Pages: 209-223(2023)
DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20235014
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摘要
无人机可以灵活、高效地获取地表要素信息，近年来轻小型民用无人机广泛普及，无人机遥感与行业应用的结合不断深入。随着科技的进步，无人机载荷、通信、数据处理等技术取得了快速发展，同时，由于续航时间和覆盖范围有限，无人机在自然资源、生态环境、社会治理中的应用也面临着困难和挑战。本文针对低空无人机组网观测的关键问题，提出了智能无人机、无人机基站和运营系统组成的空地协同低空无人机遥感网系统，通过无人机智能基站实现无人机高频次观测，通过运营系统实现多无人机自主协同作业，通过智能无人机实现智能化监测。研究成果在佛山市丹灶镇开展示范应用，构建了由8台无人机智能基站组成的低空无人机遥感网，通过5G网联无人机组网，打破传统无人机作业在巡查频率、覆盖范围、响应时间的限制，为当地水务、环保、公安、应急、城管、国土等部门提供高频次、全天时、快速响应的无人机智能巡查服务。本文提出了一种空地协同的低空无人机遥感网系统，并成功应用于国土、交通、生态环境等领域，打造了无人机遥感网驱动的智慧城镇模式，未来将与地理空间智能、物联网等技术深度融合，构建立体化无人机遥感网和智能运营平台，并在全国开展低空无人机遥感网的示范应用。
Abstract
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) could flexibly and efficiently observe land surface and obtain surface information at very high frequency and resolutions. In recent years, UAV technology has been greatly improved and the UAVs are increasingly applied in large amount of civilian fields. The UAV Remote Sensing (UAVRS) is a comprehensive technology composed of UAV flying aircraft, light remote sensing payload, satellite positioning device, remote-control system, communication technology and application technology. An UAVRS system is mainly composed of UAV platform, load system, ground control and data transmission system and image processing system. With the popularity of civilian UAV products and the development of UAV remote sensing payload, UAVRS also shows an explosive growth trend in various industries. However, the short battery life and limited coverage of the civilian drones are one of the key factors restricting the UAVRS applications. Besides, although the application of UAVs in various industries and fields continues to deepen, most of them are single-type applications in a certain discipline or industry. The 5G technology and wireless communication technology advance and will give rise to the UAVRS applications in terms of “networking”, “IoT”, and “real-time”, as well as cross-domain and convergence application. The modern cities are highly complex and sociotechnical. They comprise people and communities interacting with one another and with objects (e.g., roads, buildings) within a range of urban settings or contexts. It is extremely difficult to monitor and manage such complex sociotechnical systems. The monitoring and mapping of pollutions, traffic, infrastructures are great challenges in rapidly changing cities, and especially gained increasing attentions of citizens and are putting great stresses on policy makers and urban planners. Theoretical and practical efforts to create better city monitoring and management systems have a long history. In the 21st century, we recognize and conceive “creative”, “smart” and “knowledge” cities, in which the multidisciplinary Information and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has played a vital role. The Internet of Things (IoT) promotes the development of the smart cities. However, in various urban domains, the cities equipped with a sensor-based web, or a cyber-physical information infrastructure, are far from sufficient to help policy makers or citizens to get a full understanding of the real time or near real time city conditions. To this end, due to their mobility, autonomous operation, and communication/processing capabilities, UAVs are envisaged in many smart city application domains. In this article, we describe a technology of air-ground collaborative low-altitude UAV remote sensing network system. The system composes of intelligent UAV, the UAV base station (drone-in box) and operation system. The UAV remote sensing network can provide high-frequency and real-time observations of the land surface. Based on the UAV remote sensing network, we constructed a comprehensive application for urban governance. An UAVRS network composed of eight UAV base stations was deployed in Danzao Town, Foshan City. Connected through 5G network, the UAVRS network advances the UAV inspection frequency, spatial coverage, and response time. It provides revolutionary and intelligent services for local agents and departments of water affairs, environment protection, public security, urban management, and emergency. The UAVRS network system in Danzao is expected to develop a real-world smart city paradigm that could be copied and migrated to other towns across the country.
关键词
无人机无人机智能基站无人机遥感网空地协同
Keywords
UAVUAV base stationUAV remote sensing networkair-ground collaborate
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