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周敏强，倪启晨，王佳欣，蔡兆男，南卫东，王普才.2024.甲烷柱浓度红外高光谱遥感反演与验证.遥感学报，28（8）： 1968-1985
Zhou M Q， Ni Q C， Wang J X， Cai Z N， Nan W D and Wang P C. 2024. CH4 column retrievals from ground-and space-based infrared spectra and satellite validation. National Remote Sensing Bulletin， 28（8）：1968-1985
甲烷（CH
4
）浓度变化是当前气候变化研究中的一个焦点问题。红外高光谱遥感技术已经成为探测大气CH
4
浓度变化的重要技术手段。本文针对红外高光谱CH
4
地基遥感反演技术，介绍了国际上重要的观测网络，包括TCCON（Total Carbon Column Observing Network），NDACC-IRWG（Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change-the Infrared Working Group）和COCCON（COllaborative Carbon Column Observing Network），讨论了这些观测网络的主要特点，包括观测仪器、波段设置、反演算法、产品特性等。针对红外高光谱CH
4
浓度卫星遥感反演，概述了国际上的CH
4
卫星遥感发展现状。同时，以日本GOSAT（Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite）卫星为例，探讨了卫星CH
4
遥感地基验证工作中的关键技术，阐明了地基遥感对于卫星CH
4
遥感产品改进的重要性。最后，利用TCCON香河站的观测资料，对最新版的TROPOMI（TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument）卫星CH
4
观测反演数据产品进行了地基验证，表明在华北地区TROPOMI CH
4
柱浓度产品达到了其观测精度目标设定要求；TROPOMI观测得到的CH
4
柱浓度年增长率要略高于TCCON的观测结果，两者相差0.263±0.172%/a；地基与卫星的差值具有季节变化特征，春季卫星的观测值大于TCCON观测值约0.3%，秋季卫星的观测值小于TCCON观测值约0.2%。
Methane (CH
4
) is the second most important greenhouse gas in the Earth’s atmosphere
after carbon dioxide (CO
2
). Understanding the change in CH
4
concentration is a challenging task in atmospheric research given that it has various sources. Remote sensing has now become an effective technique to monitor CH
4
concentrations globally. In this study
we presented an overview of CH
4
column retrievals based on ground-based Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and space-based infrared measurements. Satellite validations were also discussed.
Currently
three ground-based remote sensing international observation networks provide CH
4
columns: the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON)
the NDACC-IRWG (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change - the Infrared Working Group)
and the COCCON (COllaborative Carbon Column Observing Network). The main characteristics of the three networks were presented and discussed in our study
such as the measuremen
t instrument
the observed spectra
the retrieval algorithm
and the post-correction. TCCON and COCCON provide dry-air column-averaged mole fraction of CH
4
(XCH
4
) measurements
with a systematic/random uncertainty of 0.1/0.5%. NDACC provides a total column of CH
4
with a slightly large systematic/random uncertainty of 0.2/1.0%. However
it also provides a vertical profile of CH
4
which allows us to observe the CH
4
variations in the troposphere and stratosphere separately.
Regarding the satellite CH
4
retrievals
we compared several popular sensors with a nadir-view geometry and their retrieval algorithms
such as the TANSO-FTS/GOSAT
TROPOMI/S5P
IASI/MetOp
and AIRS/Aqua. Basically
the short-wave infrared measurements (GOSAT and TROPOMI) have more sensitivity to the low troposphere
while the thermal infrared measurements (IASI and AIRS) are mainly sensitive to the mid- and upper troposphere. The difference in their vertical sensitivity comes from the CH
4
-specific absorption lines in the infrared region. All satellite retrievals are affected by the cloud
aerosol
and surface parameters. They also need to be validated and calibrated against ground-based measurements. Here
key steps during the satellite CH
4
validation were discussed
including the statistical parameters
the a priori substitution
the smoothing correction
and the surface altitude correction.
Finally
we showed the CH
4
retrievals observed by the ground-based FTIR system at Xianghe
North China. We operated TCCON-type and NDACC-type measurements for the Bruker 125HR instrument and COCCON-type measurements for the Bruker EM27/SUN instrument. The entire FTIR measurement system at Xianghe was well described. Then
we used the TCCON
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measurements to validate the co-located TROPOMI satellite observations within 50 km at Xianghe. The mean difference between TCCON and TROPOMI
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measurements from June 2018 to May 2021 is 0.109% (nearly 2 ppb)
which is within the retrieval uncertainty of the TROPOMI measurement. Moreover
a high correlation (
R
= 0.92) is found between TCCON and TROPOMI
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measurements at Xianghe. However
the annual growth of
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derived from the TROPOMI satellite measurements is 0.263% ± 0.172%/year larger than that derived from the TCCON measurements. Besides
seasonal variation is observed in the differences between TCCON and TROPOMI
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measurements
and the differences are obvious when the surface albedo is less than 0.1. Therefore
further investigations are needed to improve the TROPOMI CH
4
retrievals in North China.
遥感甲烷柱浓度地基傅里叶光谱卫星验证TROPOMI
remote sensingCH4total columnground-based Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometersatellite validationTROPOMI
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