最新刊期
卷 ， 期 3 ， 1991
- 摘要：To congratulate on the tenth aniversary of China’s Environment Remote Sensing Committee, Professor Chen Shupeng pointed out on the Symposium of Remote Sensing Developing Trend and Research Front in 1990s that remote sensing technique had been listed as national key project twice in the past ten years. Encouraging progress has been made since then. Remote sensing information has been popularized gradually in the applications of economic con- struction and national defense building up. New applied fields have also been developed and distinct social and economic benefits have been achieved. A new service trade of high technology and information has been preliminarily come into being. It has started to arouse attentions from the academic activities in both the Asian-Pacific region and the world.In the coming ten years during which Chinese government will implement its Ten-year Program, remote sensing technique has been listed as key project in the Eighth Five-Year Plan again. Professor Chen Shupeng has consulted with 32 professors and experts on the remote sensing developing trend in 1990s in China. Several major points can be concluded as follows.（1） The development and application of meteorological satellite information will reach its climax once again. Relatively sufficient preparation on theory, methodology and technology has been made in the past ten years; and successful experience on launching satellite Fengyun-1 achieved. The disadvantages needed to be avoided have also been found. Thus, in the coming ten years, as one of major information sources in environment remote sensing, meteorological satellite will play vanguard role in natural disaster monitoring, crop yield estimating and global environment change studying.（2） With regard to resource satellite remote sensing, the ground receiving station built up by China has achieved successful operation experiences, and developed and improved the function of. receiving data and images from various satellites. In 1990s, in the sky of the Asian and Pacific region, there will be five kinds of international remote sensing satellites, i.e., Landsat-7, MOS, JERS, SPOT and ERS-1. The information sources will be very rich. The resource satellite cooperatively built up by China and Brazil will also join them in the middle of 1990s. It is expectel to provide real time assurance for information source after the establishment of remote sensing information system on natural disaster monitoring and crop yield estimating.（3） Airborne remote sensing technique system has made great progress in the past ten years. Break through both on design and application of airborne imagery spectrometer, multiple polarized side-looking radar, microwave radiometer and light aircraft; and on all-weather, information transmission and digital image processing has been made. It will be got stable and continuous development in urban planning and management, mineral deposit and petroleum field seeking, manufactory site and power station choosing, and disaster preventing, etc. Especially, it will be used to meet the urgent needs for investment environment evaluation in open cities.（4） The equipment potentiality and technical progress made in the past ten years should be fully used in the key projects of the Eighth Five-Year Plan taking two stnategic targets, "natural disaster prevention and harnessing" and "crop yield estimation", as subjects so as to compose an integrated technical system with fairly intelligent level; and to be of functions of great storage capacity, real time transmission and quick processing.（5） To continue participating in the international cooperation program taking global study as target. To contribute active efforts to the Ten-Year International Disaster Reduction, the International Space Year and the International Geosphere-Biosphere Program, etc.
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发布时间：2021-06-10 - 摘要：The research of geography science about geographic environmental system is based on the acquisition of geographic information. The latter restricts the improvement of geographic researching methods and influences the development of the whole geography science. With the help of a series of advanced scientific theory and technology, such as systematic science, the advanced remote sensing technology is sucessfully applicable to the research of geographic environmental system. Thus the environmental remote sensing-the important branch subject of the remote sensing technology applying has been formed. Its position as the scientific tool for geography science has thus been gradually established.The essence of environmental remote sensing includs three aspects: （1） The full use of electromagnetic interaction in geographic environmental system; （2） Seeking better structure of geographic environmental information handling system under the support of remote sensing information mechanism researching; （3） The realization of standardization in the process of geographic environmental system’s synthetical analysis.The subject position of environmental remote sensing shows both specific property, they are important subject of remote sensing applying and new technical methods of modern geographic science researching. Because environmental remote sensing stretches into the great fields of information science and geographic science, it fully shows synthetic and intersecting characteristics. Environmental remote sensing and conventional methods of geographic science emphatically inspect energy-information system and substance-information system respectively. In some respect, they can not be replaced by each other up to now. But environmental remote sensing depends on the unceasing perfection of its technical system and the strengthening of synthetical analysis function and the interrelation in a series of non-electromagnetic information （such as information overlap technology）, it shows unique advantage in many fields of geographic environmental system.At the same time, owing to the restraint of scientific cognition and technological level and the inherent peculiarity, the research of environmental remote sensing also has some limitation. They are somewhat indistinctive of remote sensing information and unreatily of subpi-xel information and unperfect subject system etc.
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发布时间：2021-06-10 - 摘要：Global Change is a result of interactions and feedbacks among the Earth’s componentsr core and mantle, lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. It includes long-term evolution of the Earth on timescales of thousands to millions of years, and short-term changes of atmosphere and ocean. As the focus of global study, the global environmental change on timescales of decades to centuries is particularly relevant to human activity. It involves processes of the physical climate system and the biogeochemical cycles. The former concerns the atmospheric and oceanic processes that govern the distributions of temperature and rainfall over the surface of Earth. The later is related to the movements of key elements essential to life （C,N,P,S） in the Earth system. These two subsystems are most relevant, and be affected by human activity. Advanced remote sensing techniques provide necessary means for global study. They can ensure the global observations from space and from earth’s surface, and provide the analysis and interpretation capability to tnese observations, and the developmental ability to integrated information system. Based on that, we are able to establish earth system conceptual model, predict global environmental change trends. In this paper, the international global change programs and China’s global study on remote sensing are briefly introduced.
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发布时间：2021-06-10 - 摘要：From the standpoint of the requirements of human development and the tendency of scientific theories, the idea of transition of the large-system synthetical theory among various categories of gepscience is discaussed; and a highly authoritative theory of ovenall matter-thermal dynamic motion of lithospere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and ecological environment, taking the thermal dynamics of hypogen magma in the earth as the main chain, is proposed. A new monitoring system using high technology is in prospect.
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发布时间：2021-06-10 - 摘要：China covers vast territory. Its annual mean precipitation is very unevenly distributed from a region to another, and from a year to next year, this is one of the main reasons for the occurrence of natural disaster, such as: flooding drought, soil erosion, landslide, mud-rock flow and so on. In order to protect the natural environment and to prevent the natural disaster extension, we urgently need to Clarity the dynamic Changes, spatial distribution and quality of water resources. No doubt, remote sensing is an effective means to answer these questions with quick response.Remote sensing data acquired by satellite and airborne surveys provide an authentic source of information for surveying identifying classifying mapping and monitoring of water resources. Multiband and multidate satellite imagery and aerial photographs have been extensively used in China for water resource studies and management. The increasing needs for water resources and environmental management have significantly promoted the development of remote sensing technology in hydrology in China. The application and technology of remote sensing in hydrology has got remarkable progress in the past years. Compare with developed countries, several projects of remote sensing applications and technology still have some backward. A brief introduction present the potentiality of remote sensing for hydrology in the new generation.Share of experience in development of remote sensing application and technology is beni-ficial to scientists of China.
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发布时间：2021-06-10 - 摘要：This paper reviews the development of remote sensing in China’s forestry over the last decade in three aspects of application research, equipments and professional contingents. On the basis of the review some ideas have been put forward:in 1990’s the remote sensing projects shall focus on boosting industrial and agricultural production and relevant technical information shall be provided;the research on application shall be strenthened and the results achieved in the scientific research shall be put into production expensively andgreat efforts shall be made to follow closely the process of the world new technological revolution and to promote the commercialization and industrialization of remote sensing technological results.
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发布时间：2021-06-10 - 摘要：Although initialized very late in China, Resources and Environment Information System （REIS） technology has advanced in the international advanced rank, and a lot of progresses have been made in REIS research, in application and the combination with remote sensing technology. Especially with the promotion of the Seventh Five-year Plan scientific and technologic projects on GIS, lots of acchievements and technologic progresses are made in the development of Regional Information System of multiple level and multiple purpose, the research and development of GIS softwares and applied analysis models, and theorical summary, being a new pilot area. In 90’s, closely combined with space remote sensing technology, REIS will be used to solve the significant resources and environment problems and global changes. It will also play an important role in monitoring and prediction of reosurces and environment, monitoring and alarm of natural disasters, disaster region evaluation and decision-making of losses relief, planning, development and management of urban area and economical area. However, there are lots of work to do in technological tracing, theorical research of spatial information science, national standards development, operational system building, information share and network, development of expert system and softwares and its commercial products, to form a complete and comprehensive system of theory and technology.
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发布时间：2021-06-10 - 摘要：This paper deals with the role of the Seasat SAR, SIR-A and SIR-B in earth science research, which have acquired the spaceborne radar images of the earth surface uniquely. The activities of the active microwave remote sensing in the coming ten years have been described, especially the ALMAZ SAR, ERS-1 SAR, JERS-1 SAR, SIR-C, Radarsat SAR and EOS SAR systems. It is prospected that the 1990’s will be the key decade for technical development and geoscience application of the spaceborne radar remote sensing.
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发布时间：2021-06-10 - 摘要：The paper discribes the basic features of the artificial neural network computer-the sixth generation and its applications of image processing, pattern recognition in remote sensing.At first, it compares the major features of artificial neural network computer （NNC） with traditional digital computer. That was parallel massively （distributed） processing; mu-merous processing/memory elements; several mapping structures; learning networks based on train; self-oranigation etc.Then it discribes the princeples of operation of the basic neural unit and some typical’ current artificial neural networks and its basic schematic model, which included input, hidden and output layer with connected weights.At final, some approached examples show the special purpose application of image pattern recognition and classification using artificial neural network in the remote sensing field. It can provide some intereting hints.
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发布时间：2021-06-10 - 摘要：The present status and future development about the application of GPS in high accuracy point determination of airborne remote sensing data are briefly summerized. The emphases are to describe the applicability of GPS in airborne remote sensing and to give a typical axperi-ment result of aerotriangulation by using differential phase GPS measurement. Theoretical investigation and practical test show that kinematic GPS technique can be used for topographic and thematic mapping with a scale from 1:500 to 1:100 000, as well as for high accuracy point determination such as coordinate cadastre because it provides very high accuracy and reliability. The prospective applications of GPS technique in airborne and Spaceborne remote sensing are also discussed.
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发布时间：2021-06-10 - 摘要：With expert system, intelligent computer system, data acquisition system of a new generation, GIS analysis and policy function, multipurpose input and output system, and development of GPS kinematic remote sensing information positioning for the ground system, Remote sensing application and technique of a new generation will be formed gradually, Kinematic GPS remote sensing information positioning for the ground system is important techniacl support.Kinematic GPS remote sensing information positioning for the ground system is GPS rech-nical application on remote sensing. In this paper, we introduce GPS general situation and application tendency from GPS structure, development tendency, specialities and application, analyse questions, exitel in remote sensing information positiong for the grounl, forecast GPS application prospect on remote sensing, enormous sciences significance, beneficial results in future, raise imagine of developing the system, experimental research general frame map.
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发布时间：2021-06-10 - 摘要：584 scenes of Landsat MSS images acquired in 1970’s are chosen for compilation in consideration of the national conditions and applied requirement. Reasonable cartographic design, multiple optical processing techniques and the soft-mosaicking cartographic technique are used. Then, the false-colour Landsat image map of China is compiled on the scale of 1:1,000,000. which is concordance in colour and excellent in macro-apperance. It lively shows the general geographic features of China, and has extensive applicability and academic value.
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发布时间：2021-06-10 - 摘要：Not only does conventional estimation of population take long time, drain of man-power and money, but also it is unaccurate because it depends on statistic data of few years. Although the history of estimating population using remote sensing is not long and not precise, but it is showing its advantage. The principles of estimating population using remote sensing are: 1, The image of infrared channel in DMSP shows that the distribution and number of population relates with urban consumption of energy, and in turn, the urban consumption of en-erpy relates with grayscale; 2, The population growth relates with expansion of urban area can be generated regression equation; 3, Counting of residences in image can estimate population based on average numbers of every recidence lefined by census; 4, Density of population can be reflected in difference of reflectance of man-made structure and natural body, accordingly it can be generated regression equation.
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发布时间：2021-06-10 - 摘要：<正> 中国地理学会环境遥感分会于1991年4月1日—3日在北京召开“90年代遥感发展趋势和前沿”学术研讨会。来自全国69个科研、教育、生产、出版等部门和单位的专家、学者102人出席了会议。会议共收到学术论文65篇。 会上,专家们对我国在遥感基础理论、遥感技术与方法以及遥感在生态环境、自然资源方面的应用发展研究,进行了广泛深入地交流,并对90年代遥感的发展趋势和前沿进行了深入地探讨。
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